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Politicians in Trouble or Disgrace

Politicians in Trouble or Disgrace: Michigan

in chronological order

  William Hull (1753-1825) — Born in Derby, New Haven County, Conn., June 24, 1753. Colonel in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War; member of Massachusetts state senate, 1798-1805; Governor of Michigan Territory, 1805-12; general in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812. Following his surrender of Detroit to the British in 1812, was found guilty by a court-martial of cowardice, neglect of duty, and unofficerlike conduct, and sentenced to death; President Madison accepted this decision but remitted the sentence. Died in Newton, Middlesex County, Mass., November 29, 1825 (age 72 years, 158 days). Interment at Newton Cemetery, Newton, Mass.
  Thomas J. Navin — of Adrian, Lenawee County, Mich. Mayor of Adrian, Mich., 1881-82. Absconded after forging city bonds; arrested in El Paso, Texas. Burial location unknown.
  Joseph F. Hambitzer — of Michigan. Michigan state treasurer, 1893-94. Removed from office as state treasurer, March 20, 1894. Burial location unknown.
  John W. Jochim — of Michigan. Secretary of state of Michigan, 1893-94. Removed from office, March 20, 1894. Burial location unknown.
  John Gayfer Berry (1838-1923) — also known as John G. Berry — of Berryville, Otsego County, Mich. Born in 1838. Republican. Member of Michigan state senate 27th District, 1889-90; Michigan land commissioner, 1893-94; defeated, 1890; removed 1894. Removed from office as land commissioner, March 20, 1894. Died in 1923 (age about 85 years). Interment at Evergreen Hills Cemetery, Vanderbilt, Mich.
  Fred A. Maynard (b. 1852) — of Grand Rapids, Kent County, Mich. Born in 1852. Michigan state attorney general, 1895-98. Indicted in 1901 on 48 charges of embezzlement; a jury was selected for trial, but the indictment was quashed before it could get underway. Burial location unknown.
  D. Judson Hammond (b. 1841) — of Pontiac, Oakland County, Mich. Born in 1841. Republican. Banker; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Oakland County 1st District, 1897-1900. Convicted in 1903 of soliciting a bribe of $500 to defeat a bill opposed by wholesale grocers; sentenced to two years in prison or a $2,000 fine. Burial location unknown.
  Frank Porter Glazier (1862-1922) — also known as Frank P. Glazier — of Chelsea, Washtenaw County, Mich. Born in Jackson, Jackson County, Mich., March 8, 1862. Republican. Pharmacist; President of Glazier Stove Company (manufacturer of stoves for cooking and heating); president of Chelsea Savings Bank; member of Michigan state senate 10th District, 1903-04; Michigan state treasurer, 1905-08; resigned 1908. Forced to resign as state treasurer in 1908; convicted of embezzlement; served two years in prison; pardoned in 1920. Died near Chelsea, Washtenaw County, Mich., January 1, 1922 (age 59 years, 299 days). Interment at Oak Grove Cemetery, Chelsea, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Emily J. (Stimson) Glazier and George Pickering Glazier; married, December 30, 1880, to Henrietta Geddes.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  William H. Bradley (1859-1925) — of Greenville, Montcalm County, Mich. Born in Spencer Township, Kent County, Mich., February 26, 1859. Republican. Wholesale grocer; mayor of Greenville, Mich., 1908-09; member of Michigan state senate 18th District, 1909-12. In 1911, he was accused of bribery by Sherman M. Townsend, a former Sergeant-at-Arms of the state senate; an investigation was conducted; a resolution to expel him from the Senate failed on a vote of 14 to 15. Died in 1925 (age about 66 years). Interment at Forest Home Cemetery, Greenville, Mich.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Maurice Sugar (1891-1974) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Brimley, Chippewa County, Mich., August 8, 1891. Lawyer; Socialist candidate for circuit judge in Michigan 3rd Circuit, 1917, 1919; Socialist candidate for justice of Michigan state supreme court, 1917; candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 13th District, 1918 (Socialist), 1936 (Farmer-Labor); convicted in 1918 for resisting the draft, sentenced to a year in prison, and disbarred; readmitted to the Bar in 1923; pardoned in 1933; general counsel to the United Automobile Workers, 1937-46; candidate for Presidential Elector for Michigan. Jewish and Lithuanian ancestry. Member, National Lawyers Guild. Died in Cheboygan County, Mich., February 15, 1974 (age 82 years, 191 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Kalman Sugar and Mary Sugar; married 1914 to Jane Mayer Sugar.
  See also Wikipedia article
Truman H. Newberry Truman Handy Newberry (1864-1945) — also known as Truman H. Newberry — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich.; Grosse Pointe Farms, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., November 5, 1864. Republican. Paymaster and agent, Detroit, Bay City and Alpena Railway, 1885-87; president and treasurer, Detroit Steel and Spring Co., 1887-1901; director, Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Co.; director, Grace Hospital; alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1892; served in the U.S. Navy during the Spanish-American War; U.S. Secretary of the Navy, 1908-09; U.S. Senator from Michigan, 1919-22. Presbyterian. Tried and convicted in 1921 of overspending on his campaign (federal laws at that time set an unrealistically low limit); his conviction was reversed by Supreme Court; following an investigation, the Senate declared him entitled to his seat but expressed disapproval of the sum spent on his election; resigned under pressure. Died in Grosse Pointe, Wayne County, Mich., October 3, 1945 (age 80 years, 332 days). Interment at Elmwood Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of John Stoughton Newberry and Helen Parmelee (Handy) Newberry; married, February 7, 1888, to Harriet Josephine Barnes; father of Carol Newberry Brooks.
  Political family: Newberry family of Detroit, Michigan.
  Cross-reference: Paul H. King
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — NNDB dossier
  Image source: American Review of Reviews, March 1922
  Robert V. Mundy (b. 1854) — of Bay City, Bay County, Mich. Born in New Jersey, 1854. Hardware business; mayor of Bay City, Mich., 1917-21. In March, 1921, a grand jury charged him with misfeasance in office and neglect of duty, in his tolerance of vice such as illegal liquor sales, prostitution, and gambling in Bay City, and called for the common council to remove him from office. Mundy disputed the grand jury's authority to make this kind of report, and on his motion, it was stricken from the court record. Nonetheless, his organization was defeated in the election shortly afterward. Burial location unknown.
  Edwin Denby (1870-1929) — also known as Ned Denby — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Evansville, Vanderburgh County, Ind., February 18, 1870. Republican. Lawyer; served in the U.S. Navy during the Spanish-American War; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1903-04; U.S. Representative from Michigan 1st District, 1905-11; defeated, 1910; member of Michigan Republican State Central Committee, 1917; U.S. Secretary of the Navy, 1921-24; persuaded by Secretary of State Albert B. Fall to transfer control of the Navy's oil leases to the Interior Department; Fall then accepted large bribes to sell the leases to his friends, in what became known as the Teapot Dome scandal; in 1924, Denby was forced to resign as Secretary of the Navy. Episcopalian. Member, Freemasons; Phi Delta Phi. Died in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., February 8, 1929 (age 58 years, 356 days). Interment at Elmwood Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Charles Harvey Denby and Martha (Fitch) Denby; brother of Charles Harvey Denby Jr.; married, March 18, 1911, to Marion Bartlett Thurber; uncle of James Orr Denby; grandson of Graham Newell Fitch; third cousin thrice removed of Jonas Mapes.
  Political families: Conkling-Seymour family of Utica, New York; Mapes-Jennings-Denby-Harrison family of New York and Arizona; Denby-Fitch family of Evansville, Indiana; Tyler family of Virginia (subsets of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).
  Cross-reference: M. Hubert O'Brien
  Edwin Denby High School (opened 1930), in Detroit, Michigan, is named for him.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Peter C. Jezewski (1883-1960) — of Buffalo, Erie County, N.Y.; Hamtramck, Wayne County, Mich. Born in New York, November 22, 1883. Republican. Pharmacist; member of New York state assembly from Erie County 6th District, 1915-16; mayor of Hamtramck, Mich., 1922-26, 1932-34; defeated, 1926, 1934. Convicted of bootlegging and other vice crimes about 1926, and spent a year in Leavenworth federal prison. Died in Hamtramck, Wayne County, Mich., December 1, 1960 (age 77 years, 9 days). Interment at Mt. Olivet Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Henry Ford (1863-1947) — of Dearborn, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Greenfield Township (now part of Detroit), Wayne County, Mich., July 30, 1863. Engineer; inventor; founder, Ford Motor Company, 1903; candidate for Republican nomination for President, 1916; Democratic candidate for U.S. Senator from Michigan, 1918; candidate for Democratic nomination for President, 1924. Episcopalian. Scotch-Irish and Belgian ancestry. Member, Freemasons; Scottish Rite Masons; Sigma Alpha Epsilon. Publisher, in 1919-27, of the Dearborn Independent newspaper, which promoted anti-Semitic ideas through articles such as "The International Jew: The World's Problem," which were reprinted as pamphlets and books. In 1927, a libel lawsuit against Ford over these writings led him to shut down the paper and publicly recant its contents. Died, from a stroke, in Dearborn, Wayne County, Mich., April 7, 1947 (age 83 years, 251 days). Interment at Ford Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of William Ford and Mary (Litogot) Ford; married, April 11, 1888, to Clara Jane Bryant; uncle of Clarence William Ford; second cousin once removed of Clyde McKinlock Ford.
  Political family: Ford family of Detroit and Dearborn, Michigan.
  Cross-reference: James Couzens — Herman Bernstein — Alfred J. Murphy — Martin C. Ansorge — William A. Lucking
  Personal motto: "Efficiency."
  See also Wikipedia article — NNDB dossier — Internet Movie Database profile — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Books about Henry Ford: Douglas Brinkley, Wheels for the World : Henry Ford, His Company, and a Century of Progress, 1903-2003 — William A. Levinson, Henry Ford's Lean Vision — Pat McCarthy, Henry Ford : Building Cars for Everyone (for young readers) — David Weitzman, Model T : How Henry Ford Built a Legend (for young readers)
  Critical books about Henry Ford: Max Wallace, The American Axis : Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and the Rise of the Third Reich — Neil Baldwin, Henry Ford and the Jews : The Mass Production of Hate
  Philip Aaron Raymond (1899-1983) — also known as Philip Raymond — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in New York, New York County, N.Y., February 4, 1899. Communist. Labor organizer; in January, 1930, he was arrested in Pontiac, Mich., and charged with leading a demonstration; again arrested in April, 1934, in Dearborn, Mich., when he was seen talking with strikers picketing an auto plant; candidate for mayor of Detroit, Mich., 1930; Workers candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 6th District, 1930; candidate for U.S. Senator from Michigan, 1934; candidate for Governor of Michigan, 1936, 1940; candidate for Presidential Elector for Michigan; candidate for Michigan state attorney general, 1946. Died in Los Angeles County, Calif., March 21, 1983 (age 84 years, 45 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married to Vera Katz.
  See also OurCampaigns candidate detail
  Charles E. Bowles (1884-1957) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Yale, St. Clair County, Mich., March 24, 1884. Republican. Lawyer; recorder's court judge in Michigan, 1926-29; resigned 1929; mayor of Detroit, Mich., 1930; defeated, 1924, 1924, 1925, 1930; candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 15th District, 1932, 1934; candidate for circuit judge in Michigan 3rd Circuit, 1941; candidate for Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1950, 1952. Member, Optimist Club. Recalled from office as Mayor in 1930 over charges that he had sold out to gangsters and the Ku Klux Klan. Died in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., July 30, 1957 (age 73 years, 128 days). Entombed in mausoleum at Evergreen Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Alfred Bowles and Mary (Lutz) Bowles; married, June 1, 1915, to Ruth Davis.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial — OurCampaigns candidate detail
  Daniel Frederick Pagelsen (1873-1939) — also known as Daniel F. Pagelsen — of Grand Haven, Ottawa County, Mich. Born in Grand Haven, Ottawa County, Mich., September 26, 1873. Republican. Lawyer; Vice-Consul for Sweden & Norway in Grand Haven, Mich., 1904; justice of the peace; Vice-Consul for Sweden in Grand Haven, Mich., 1914; Ottawa County Circuit Court Commissioner, 1919-34; arrested in March 1930, charged with driving while drunk, and fined $50; arrested again in August, and pleaded guilty to driving while intoxicated, second offense; the Ottawa County Bar Association urged leniency, but he was sentenced to six months in prison. Danish and German ancestry. Died in Grand Haven, Ottawa County, Mich., January 31, 1939 (age 65 years, 127 days). Interment at Lake Forest Cemetery, Grand Haven, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Charles Theodor Pagelsen and Ernestine (Kant) Pagelsen; married, September 27, 1905, to Nancy Chadbourne.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
Frank D. McKay Frank D. McKay (1883-1965) — of Grand Rapids, Kent County, Mich. Born in Grand Rapids, Kent County, Mich., November 4, 1883. Republican. Financier; political boss who dominated Republican politics in Michigan for years; delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1920, 1928, 1932 (alternate), 1936, 1940, 1944; Michigan state treasurer, 1925-30; investigated by a grand jury in 1931 over his handling of state funds while Treasurer; member of Republican National Committee from Michigan, 1940-44; subject of three federal grand jury investigations in 1940 over alleged fraud, extortion and kickbacks; indicted in 1944 for bribery of state legislators; hired a Purple Gang figure to murder the star witness, State Sen. Warren G. Hooper, and the case collapsed; charged in 1945, along with William McKeighan, with conspiracy to violate state liquor laws; tried in 1946; the judge directed a verdict of not guilty. Died in Miami Beach, Dade County (now Miami-Dade County), Fla., January 12, 1965 (age 81 years, 69 days). Entombed at Greenwood Cemetery, Grand Rapids, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of James D. McKay and Ellen (Zimmerman) McKay; married, May 31, 1906, to Agnes Christine Hermansen.
  Cross-reference: Edward N. Barnard — William Green
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Image source: Michigan Manual 1927
  Willis M. Brewer (1892-1972) — of Pontiac, Oakland County, Mich. Born in 1892. Democrat. Candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 6th District, 1924; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1928 (alternate), 1952; candidate for secretary of state of Michigan, 1928; chairman, Oakland County Board of Auditors; in 1931, he was charged with embezzling $2,500 from the county; convicted, and sentenced to five to fifteen years in prison; his sentence was commuted by Gov. William A. Comstock in 1933; member of Michigan Democratic State Central Committee, 1947. Member, American Legion. Died in 1972 (age about 80 years). Burial location unknown.
  Rudolph Gabriel Tenerowicz (1890-1963) — also known as Rudolph G. Tenerowicz — of Hamtramck, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Budapest, Hungary, of Polish parents, June 14, 1890. Physician; served in the U.S. Army during World War I; mayor of Hamtramck, Mich., 1928-32, 1936-39; defeated, 1932; resigned 1932; defeated, 1934; U.S. Representative from Michigan 1st District, 1939-43; defeated, 1942 (Democratic primary), 1946 (Republican primary), 1948 (Republican), 1950 (Republican), 1952 (Republican), 1954 (Republican). Polish ancestry. Tried and convicted on vice conspiracy charges in 1932; freed from prison when pardoned by Gov. William A. Comstock. Died in Hamtramck, Wayne County, Mich., August 31, 1963 (age 73 years, 78 days). Interment at Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.
  Relatives: Son of John Tenerowicz and Antoinette (Gall) Tenerowicz; brother of Anthony C. Tenerowicz; married to Margaret Tenerowicz.
  Political family: Tenerowicz family of Hamtramck, Michigan.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  Stanley J. Pacholek (1890-1932) — of Hamtramck, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Poland, December 8, 1890. Undertaker; candidate for mayor of Hamtramck, Mich., 1932 (primary), 1932. Polish ancestry. Arrested in April, 1932, for drunk driving; died by suicide in his jail cell, by hanging himself with his scarf, in Birmingham, Oakland County, Mich., April 19, 1932 (age 41 years, 133 days). Burial location unknown.
J. Bradford Pengelly John Bradford Pengelly (1880-1973) — also known as J. Bradford Pengelly — of Flint, Genesee County, Mich.; Leamington, Ontario. Born in Brantford, Ontario, May 12, 1880. Republican. Naturalized U.S. citizen; Episcopal priest; candidate for Michigan state senate 13th District, 1922; candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 6th District, 1926; Flint city commissioner; in June, 1932, he was charged with accepting bribes from real estate developers; he denied the allegations and pleaded not guilty; venue was changed from Flint to Grand Rapids; tried in October 1932, but the jury was unable to reach a verdict; retried in January 1934 and found not guilty; meanwhile, in November 1932, he was recalled from office as City Commissioner. Episcopalian. Died in Coquitlam, British Columbia, October 16, 1973 (age 93 years, 157 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Elizabeth Ann (Bradford) Pengelly and John Henry Pengelly; married, September 17, 1913, to Edith Maude Campbell; married to Agnes (Richardson) Mathews.
  Image source: Port Huron Times Herald, Octover 25, 1932
  Ernest A. Moross (c.1874-1949) — of Mosherville, Hillsdale County, Mich. Born about 1874. Manager for Indianapolis Speedway, and for many early 20th century race car drivers; retired from automobile racing in 1916; candidate in Republican primary for Michigan state house of representatives from Hillsdale County, 1930; Communist candidate for Michigan state senate 10th District, 1932; in 1933, he refused to renew his car's license plates as a protest against the cost; when his car was seized, he and his wife locked the doors and remained inside it for a month; finally police broke into the car and arrested them; convicted of resisting arrest, and sentenced to 30 days in jail. Died in Long Beach, Los Angeles County, Calif., April 4, 1949 (age about 75 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Brother-in-law of Robert Oakman.
  Tracy W. Southworth — of Monroe County, Mich. Democrat. Member of Michigan state house of representatives from Monroe County; elected 1930, 1932; arrested in June 1934, along with a lobbyist, Al Tobin, based on an allegation of bribery in connection with helping a trucking company obtain a license; four marked bills were found in his possession when he was arrested; he claimed the lobbyist had merely made him a loan of $100. Burial location unknown.
  Anthony J. Wilkowski (b. 1898) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., April 16, 1898. Democrat. Hardware store owner; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1932 (alternate), 1936, 1940; member of Michigan state senate 2nd District, 1933-38, 1945-46, 1949-50; defeated in primary, 1942 (3rd District), 1946 (2nd District), 1951 (2nd District), 1952 (2nd District), 1955 (2nd District); chair of Wayne County Democratic Party, 1934; tried and convicted, along with Democratic state chairman Elmer B. O'Hara, on vote fraud charges in 1936, and sentenced to four to five years in prison; member of Michigan Democratic State Central Committee, 1939; candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Michigan, 1940; delegate to Michigan state constitutional convention from Wayne County 9th District, 1961-62. Catholic. Polish ancestry. Member, Knights of Columbus; Polish National Alliance. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Anton Wilkowski and Veronica (Skelnik) Wilkowski; brother of Leo Joseph Wilkowski; married, February 10, 1945, to Ann Chrzanowski.
  Elmer B. O'Hara — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1932; Wayne County Clerk, 1933-36; Michigan Democratic state chair, 1935-36; tried and convicted, along with State Sen. A. J. Wilkowski and others, on vote fraud charges in 1936; sentenced to four to five years in prison; also convicted on charges of bribing the Macomb County Drain Commissioner. Burial location unknown.
  James E. Kewin — of Melvindale, Wayne County, Mich. Mayor of Melvindale, Mich., 1933-40; defeated, 1940; in June, 1936, after an exchange of insults with Sever Green, who Kewin had tried to oust from a Melvindale city position, he climbed into Green's car and scratched his face; later convicted of assault and battery over this incident and was fined $25. Burial location unknown.
  Walter L. Kanar (1901-1958) — of Hamtramck, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Warsaw, Poland, 1901. Republican. Member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 3rd District, 1931-32; defeated, 1932; mayor of Hamtramck, Mich., 1939-42. Indicted, but not convicted, on vice conspiracy charges while he was mayor. Died February 4, 1958 (age about 56 years). Interment at Mt. Olivet Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Stanley J. Dombrowski (1901-1977) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., May 7, 1901. Democrat. Member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1935-44; defeated in primary, 1950; in 1943, he repudiated grand jury testimony about being bribed, pleaded guilty to perjury, and was sentenced to prison; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison. Died in 1977 (age about 76 years). Burial location unknown.
  Charles Coles Diggs Sr. (1894-1967) — also known as Charles C. Diggs, Sr. — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Tallula, Issaquena County, Miss., January 2, 1894. Mortician; member of Michigan state senate 3rd District, 1937-44; defeated in Democratic primary, 1944; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1940; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison; charged in a different bribery case in 1945; tried and convicted; charged again on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify; candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 1st District, 1948 (Republican primary), 1952 (Democratic primary). African ancestry. Member, Elks. Died in 1967 (age about 73 years). Interment at Detroit Memorial Park East, Warren, Mich.
  Relatives: Father of Charles Coles Diggs Jr..
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Eugene C. Keyes (1900-1963) — of Dearborn, Wayne County, Mich. Born August 23, 1900. Republican. Lawyer; dentist; Lieutenant Governor of Michigan, 1943-44, 1947-48; defeated, 1940, 1944, 1948; candidate for Governor of Michigan, 1950, 1954; candidate for U.S. Senator from Michigan, 1952. Convicted, in Dearborn municipal court in August 1944, of assaulting a woman who came to his office to protest his slapping of her son during an argument over campaign work; the sentence was a $25 fine or 15 days in jail. Died in 1963 (age about 62 years). Burial location unknown.
  Martin Anthony Kronk (1900-1976) — also known as Martin A. Kronk — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., July 1, 1900. Democrat. Member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1937-44; removed 1944; defeated, 1950 (Wayne County 1st District), 1958 (Wayne County 12th District); charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison; candidate for Michigan state senate 5th District, 1954. Died in 1976 (age about 75 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, July 15, 1925, to Irene Roskivetalski.
  Cross-reference: Orville E. Atwood
  Henry F. Shea (1885-1967) — of Laurium, Houghton County, Mich. Born in Osceola Mine, Houghton County, Mich., April 15, 1885. Democrat. Miner; railroad trainman; plumber; steamfitter; candidate for Michigan state house of representatives from Houghton County 1st District, 1918; member of Michigan state senate 32nd District, 1937-40; defeated, 1940; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison; granted immunity from prosecution in return for his testimony in another bribery case, 1945. Member, Knights of Columbus; Eagles. Died in 1967 (age about 82 years). Burial location unknown.
  Joseph C. Roosevelt (1900-1987) — also known as Joe Roosevelt — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., October 8, 1900. Democrat. Real estate and insurance business; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1933-36; member of Michigan state senate 21st District, 1937-38; defeated in primary, 1938, 1940, 1942; implicated in the Michigan legislative bribery scandal in 1944 as a go-between providing bribes to legislators; granted immunity from prosecution, and testified against others. Died in 1987 (age about 86 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, August 24, 1926, to Catherine Miller.
  Chester Milton Howell (1883-1965) — also known as Chester M. Howell; "Chiseling Chet" — of Saginaw, Saginaw County, Mich. Born in Muskegon, Muskegon County, Mich., September 10, 1883. Republican. Newspaper reporter; newspaper editor; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Saginaw County 1st District, 1923-26; member of Michigan state senate 22nd District, 1927-32, 1939-45; defeated, 1932, 1936; resigned 1945; charged on December 6, 1944 with accepting bribes from naturopathic physicians, and pleaded guilty; testified against other legislators in bribery cases. Congregationalist. Member, Freemasons; Rotary; Kiwanis; Elks; Moose. Died in Owosso, Shiawassee County, Mich., May 8, 1965 (age 81 years, 240 days). Interment at Forest Lawn Cemetery, Saginaw, Mich.
  Relatives: Married 1910 to Clara Emma Bricker.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Adam William Sumeracki (b. 1911) — also known as Adam Sumeracki — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Braddock, Allegheny County, Pa., February 6, 1911. Democrat. Real estate and insurance business; member of Michigan state house of representatives, 1939-44, 1955-64 (Wayne County 1st District 1939-44, Wayne County 9th District 1955-64); removed 1944; defeated, 1964 (7th District), 1974 (71st District); candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 1st District, 1942; Charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison; also charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify. Catholic. Burial location unknown.
  Michael J. Clancy (b. 1913) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in County Clare, Ireland, September 9, 1913. Democrat. Member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1937-40; defeated in primary, 1942; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes, but not tried and convicted with the others. Catholic. Irish ancestry. Burial location unknown.
  Earl C. Gallagher (b. 1899) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Ontonagon County, Mich., October 15, 1899. Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during World War I; worked for carmakers Ford Motor Company and Chrysler Corporation; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1937-44; removed 1944; defeated, 1954 (Wayne County 10th District); charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify. Member, Elks; American Legion. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married 1936 to Mary Thibault.
  Joseph J. Kowalski (b. 1914) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., March 19, 1914. Democrat. Member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1939-44; nominated, but withdrew 1944; removed 1944; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison; also charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify. Polish ancestry. Member, Polish National Alliance; Maccabees. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown.
  Frank Murphy (1897-1944) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Rensselaer, Rensselaer County, N.Y., May 15, 1897. Democrat. Accountant; Lieutenant Governor of Michigan, 1941-42; defeated, 1942; charged with bribery in 1944; pleaded guilty. Catholic. Member, Knights of Columbus; Gamma Eta Gamma. Died, from a heart ailment, December 25, 1944 (age 47 years, 224 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married to Constance Kirchner.
  Ernest George Nagel (1893-1955) — also known as Ernest G. Nagel; "Ernie Hooker" — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Zurich, Switzerland, March 3, 1893. Democrat. Boxer; served in the U.S. Army Air Corps in World War I; automotive engineer; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1933-40; defeated in primary, 1952; member of Michigan state senate 1st District, 1941-42; defeated in primary, 1942, 1944; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison; also charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify. Member, Freemasons; American Legion. Died July 26, 1955 (age 62 years, 145 days). Interment at Clinton Grove Cemetery, Clinton Township, Macomb County, Mich.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Edward John Walsh (1904-1975) — also known as Edward J. Walsh — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., October 22, 1904. Democrat. Automobile worker; constable; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1933-44; removed 1944; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison; charged on December 6, 1944 (along with four other legislators) with accepting bribes from naturopathic physicians; tried in 1945, but the jury was unable to reach a verdict; retried and convicted; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify. Died in 1975 (age about 70 years). Burial location unknown.
  Charles Fitch Hemans (1896-1971) — also known as Charles F. Hemans; "Baron of the Bathroom"; "Knight of the Doublecross" — of Eaton Rapids, Eaton County, Mich.; Howell, Livingston County, Mich.; Lansing, Ingham County, Mich. Born in Mason, Ingham County, Mich., April 12, 1896. Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during World War I; lawyer; alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1924; candidate for Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1926, 1928; member of University of Michigan board of regents, 1934-41; defeated, 1931, 1941; candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 15th District, 1934; candidate for circuit judge in Michigan 30th Circuit, 1935; candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Michigan, 1936. Implicated in the Michigan legislative bribery scandal in 1944; granted immunity from prosecution and testified that he had bribed many legislators in his hotel bathroom; later, another bribery case against legislators fell apart when he refused to testify and fled to Washington; arrested by FBI agents and arraigned on a federal fugitive witness charge; tried and convicted, and sentenced to four years in prison; pleaded guilty to bribery in 1950 and sentenced to five years probation and a $1,000 fine. Died January 29, 1971 (age 74 years, 292 days). Interment at Maple Grove Cemetery, Mason, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Lawton Thomas Hemans and Minnie P. Hemans.
  Cross-reference: Carl F. DeLano — Gilbert H. Isbister — Robert B. McLaughlin — Charles S. Blondy — James B. Stanley — William C. Stenson — Earl W. McEwen, Sr. — Byron L. Ballard — Ernest G. Nagel — Charles C. Diggs, Sr. — James A. Burns — Earl C. Gallagher — Edward J. Walsh — Walter N. Stockfish — Adam Sumeracki — Joseph J. Kowalski
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  William Gibbs Buckley (b. 1907) — also known as William G. Buckley — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa., August 19, 1907. Democrat. Member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1933-34, 1937-44; defeated in primary, 1944; removed 1944; Charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison; charged on December 6, 1944 (along with four other legislators) with accepting bribes from naturopathic physicians; tried in 1945, but the jury was unable to reach a verdict; retried and convicted; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the last set of charges were dismissed when he agreed to testify. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married 1933 to Kathryn O'Dowd.
  Francis J. Nowak (1915-1976) — also known as Frank Nowak — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., November 14, 1915. Democrat. Member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1939-44; nominated, but withdrew 1944; removed 1944; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison; charged on December 6, 1944 (along with four other legislators) with accepting bribes from naturopathic physicians; tried in 1945, but the jury was unable to reach a verdict; retried and convicted; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the last set of charges were dismissed when he agreed to testify. Died in 1976 (age about 60 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, July 1, 1939, to Evelyn Marshick.
  William M. Bradley (b. 1892) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., May 22, 1892. Democrat. Member of Michigan state senate 5th District, 1937-40; defeated in primary, 1934, 1940, 1942, 1952; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of William A. Bradley and Mary (Riley) Bradley; married 1912 to Edwardine Lenahan.
  Walter N. Stockfish (1908-1973) — of Hamtramck, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Toledo, Lucas County, Ohio, July 16, 1908. Democrat. Lawyer; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 3rd District, 1935-44; removed 1944; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify. Died in 1973 (age about 64 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, June 11, 1935, to Virginia M. Bayer.
  Joseph Lawrence Kaminski (1902-1951) — also known as Joseph L. Kaminski — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., November 2, 1902. Democrat. Member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1935-40; defeated in primary, 1940; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison. Died in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., November, 1951 (age about 48 years). Interment at Mt. Olivet Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.
  Relatives: Married to Anna Wypijewski.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  D. Stephen Benzie (b. 1893) — of Norway, Dickinson County, Mich. Born in Norway, Dickinson County, Mich., March 10, 1893. Democrat. Road contractor; lumber business; member of Michigan state senate 31st District, 1939-42; defeated, 1942; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1940; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison. Member, Elks. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married 1913 to Lillian Wilson.
  Isadore A. Weza (b. 1906) — of Ontonagon, Ontonagon County, Mich. Born near Ontonagon, Ontonagon County, Mich., March 22, 1906. Democrat. School teacher; superintendent of schools; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Ontonagon District, 1937-40; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes, but not tried and convicted with the others. Burial location unknown.
  Leo Joseph Wilkowski (1902-1955) — also known as Leo J. Wilkowski — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., April 5, 1902. Democrat. Hardware business; member of Michigan state senate 2nd District, 1939-44; nominated, but withdrew 1944; Charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison; charged on December 16, 1944 (along with other legislators) with accepting bribes from naturopathic physicians; tried and convicted; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the last set of charges were dismissed when he agreed to testify. Polish ancestry. Member, Polish National Alliance. Died of heart trouble, March 23, 1955 (age 52 years, 352 days). Interment at Mt. Olivet Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.
  Relatives: Brother of Anthony J. Wilkowski; married 1925 to Theresa D. Kozlowski.
  William C. Birk (1885-1950) — of Baraga, Baraga County, Mich. Born in Calumet, Houghton County, Mich., November 6, 1885. Republican. Member of Michigan state house of representatives from Ontonagon District, 1927-34; defeated, 1934, 1936; member of Michigan state senate 32nd District, 1941-42; defeated, 1938, 1942, 1944; charged on December 16, 1944, along with other legislators, with accepting bribes; tried in 1945 and convicted; sentenced to three to five years in prison. German ancestry. Died in 1950 (age about 64 years). Burial location unknown.
  Carl F. DeLano (1890-1952) — of Cooper Township, Kalamazoo County, Mich. Born in Cooper Township, Kalamazoo County, Mich., September 25, 1890. Republican. Member of Michigan state house of representatives from Kalamazoo County 2nd District, 1931-38; defeated in primary, 1928; member of Michigan state senate 6th District, 1939-45; resigned 1945; charged on December 6, 1944, along with four other legislators, with accepting bribes from naturopathic phyisicians; tried in 1945 and convicted; sentenced to three to five years in prison; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify. Died in 1952 (age about 61 years). Interment at Cooper Township Cemetery, Cooper Township, Kalamazoo County, Mich.
  Relatives: Married 1923 to Irene Lane.
  Miles M. Callaghan (1868-1944) — of Reed City, Osceola County, Mich. Born in Portland, Ionia County, Mich., October 7, 1868. Republican. Hardware dealer; fruit farmer; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Osceola District, 1929-36, 1943-44; resigned 1944; member of Michigan state senate 28th District, 1937-40; defeated in primary, 1940; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; pleaded guilty and testified against others. Suffered a stroke, and died, in Reed City, Osceola County, Mich., August 22, 1944 (age 75 years, 320 days). Burial location unknown.
  William Green (1880-1956) — of Hillman, Montmorency County, Mich. Born in Montmorency County, Mich., March 26, 1880. Republican. Lumberman; farmer; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Presque Isle District, 1929-36, 1939-44; defeated, 1936; delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1940; indicted for bribery on December 2, 1944 (along with Frank D. McKay); the case collapsed when the star witness, Sen. Warren G. Hooper was murdered; indicted again on different bribery charges on December 16, 1944; tried in 1945 and convicted; sentenced to three to five years in prison. Died in 1956 (age about 76 years). Burial location unknown.
  Jerry Thomson Logie (1887-1966) — also known as Jerry T. Logie — of Bay City, Bay County, Mich. Born in Grand Rapids, Kent County, Mich., 1887. Republican. Pharmacist; member of Michigan state senate 24th District, 1939-44; charged on January 22, 1944 (along with 19 other current and former state legislators) with accepting bribes; tried, convicted, and sentenced to 3-5 years in prison; charged in a different bribery case in 1945; tried and convicted. Died in 1966 (age about 79 years). Burial location unknown.
  Ray E. Whitney (1878-1970) — of Onondaga Township, Ingham County, Mich. Born in Onondaga Township, Ingham County, Mich., April 23, 1878. Republican. Farmer; real estate dealer; candidate for Michigan state house of representatives from Ingham County 2nd District, 1942, 1944; in July 1944, he was accused of sending out postcards falsely claiming the endorsement of several prominent Republicans; arraigned in August 1944 for felony election fraud, over forging most of the signatures on his nominating petitions; pleaded guilty in September 1944 to misdemeanor charges. Congregationalist. Died, in Stuart Nursing Home, Leslie, Ingham County, Mich., September 3, 1970 (age 92 years, 133 days). Interment at Draper Cemetery, Rives Township, Jackson County, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Alson Whitney and Nellie (Flanagan) Whitney; married, March 15, 1916, to Ruby Haven.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Warren Green Hooper (1904-1945) — also known as Warren G. Hooper — of Albion, Calhoun County, Mich. Born in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, Calif., May 2, 1904. Republican. Newspaper reporter; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Calhoun County 1st District, 1939-44; member of Michigan state senate 9th District, 1945; died in office 1945. Episcopalian. Member, Theta Kappa Nu; Freemasons; Knights Templar. During a grand jury investigation, admitted to taking bribes and was given immunity from prosecution in return for his testimony against others; however, four days before the hearing, he was shot and killed in his car, alongside highway M-99, near Springport, Jackson County, Mich., January 11, 1945 (age 40 years, 254 days). Interment at Riverside Cemetery, Albion, Mich.
  Relatives: Married, May 23, 1936, to Callienetta Cobb; second great-grandson of William Hooper.
  Cross-reference: William Green — Frank D. McKay
  Epitaph: "With Honesty He Lived; For Honesty he was Taken."
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  William H. McKeighan — of Flint, Genesee County, Mich. Republican. Political boss; mayor of Flint, Mich., 1915-16, 1922-23, 1927-28, 1931-33; defeated, 1923; candidate for Governor of Michigan, 1932; delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1940; political ally of Frank D. McKay; charged in 1945, along with McKay, with conspiracy to violate state liquor laws; tried; the judge directed a verdict of not guilty. Burial location unknown.
Charles S. Blondy Charles S. Blondy (1905-1982) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa., January 29, 1905. Democrat. Constable; real estate business; member of Michigan state senate, 1941-64 (5th District 1941-54, 4th District 1955-64); defeated in primary, 1934, 1938; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify; candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 1st District, 1964. Jewish. Member, B'nai B'rith. Died in Southfield, Oakland County, Mich., January 28, 1982 (age 76 years, 364 days). Interment at Hebrew Memorial Park, Clinton Township, Macomb County, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Goldie (Grodsky) Blondy and Hyman Blondy; married to Frances Goldberg.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Image source: Michigan Manual 1957-58
  James Benjamin Stanley (1903-1977) — also known as James B. Stanley — of Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo County, Mich. Born in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo County, Mich., December 29, 1903. Republican. Lawyer; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Kalamazoo County 1st District, 1937-46; defeated in primary, 1934; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify. Congregationalist. Member, Elks; Moose; Eagles. Died in 1977 (age about 73 years). Burial location unknown.
  Byron L. Ballard (b. 1890) — of Lansing, Ingham County, Mich. Born in Fort Worth, Tarrant County, Tex., February 21, 1890. Democrat. Lawyer; law partner of Charles H. Hayden, 1917-30, and of Edmund C. Shields, 1931; chair of Ingham County Democratic Party, 1920-24; candidate for Michigan state senate 14th District, 1926; treasurer of Michigan Democratic Party, 1937; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify. Episcopalian. Member, American Bar Association; Rotary; Knights of Pythias; Freemasons; Knights Templar; Elks; Sigma Phi Epsilon. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Walter Elgin Ballard and Jennie (Peden) Ballard; married, February 16, 1916, to M. Lucille Juzek.
  George Oscar Harma (1905-1977) — also known as George O. Harma — of Atlantic Mine, Houghton County, Mich. Born in Baltic Mine, Houghton County, Mich., November 5, 1905. Democrat. School teacher; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Houghton County 2nd District, 1935-44; candidate for Michigan state senate 32nd District, 1944; implicated as co-conspirator in a legislative branch banking bribery case in 1946; given immunity from prosecution in return for his testimony. Finnish ancestry. Member, Pi Delta Epsilon. Died in 1977 (age about 71 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Carl Oscar Harma and Mary Susanna (Fjader) Harma.
  Raymond J. Snow (1913-1999) — of Flint, Genesee County, Mich. Born in Bay City, Bay County, Mich., September 29, 1913. Democrat. Beer distributor; potato chip manufacturer; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Genesee County 1st District, 1941-46; defeated, 1938; Charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other current and former state legislators) with bribery conspiracy; pleaded guilty and testified for prosecution, but the charges against the others were eventually dismissed. Catholic. Member, Holy Name Society; Moose; Eagles. Died, in McLaren Regional Medical Center, Flint, Genesee County, Mich., August 25, 1999 (age 85 years, 330 days). Interment at New Calvary Catholic Cemetery, Flint, Mich.
  Earl W. McEwen Sr. — of Flint, Genesee County, Mich. Democrat. Member of Michigan state house of representatives from Genesee County 2nd District; elected 1940; candidate for Michigan state senate 13th District, 1944; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown.
  Gilbert H. Isbister (1900-1958) — of Port Huron, St. Clair County, Mich. Born in Port Huron, St. Clair County, Mich., July 9, 1900. Republican. Served in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War I; St. Clair County Register of Deeds, 1925-34; candidate for Michigan state treasurer, 1934; member of Michigan state senate 11th District, 1939-42; defeated in primary, 1942; alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1940; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify. Died in 1958 (age about 57 years). Burial location unknown.
  Robert B. McLaughlin (1903-1965) — of Flint, Genesee County, Mich. Born in 1903. Democrat. Member of Michigan state senate 13th District, 1941-44; defeated in primary, 1938; candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 6th District, 1944; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify. Died in 1965 (age about 62 years). Burial location unknown.
  James A. Burns (1899-1963) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., January 8, 1899. Served in the U.S. Navy during World War I; hotelier; purchasing agent; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1923-24; defeated in Republican primary, 1926, 1928, 1930; member of Michigan state senate 4th District, 1937-38, 1941-42; defeated, 1924 (Republican primary, 2nd District), 1938 (Democratic primary, 4th District), 1942 (Democratic, 4th District), 1944 (Democratic primary, 4th District); charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1948. Died in 1963 (age about 64 years). Burial location unknown.
  William C. Stenson (b. 1900) — of Greenland, Ontonagon County, Mich. Born in Wakefield, Gogebic County, Mich., July 1, 1900. Republican. Automobile dealer; construction superintendent; salvage materials dealer; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Ontonagon District; defeated, 1938; elected 1940, 1942; charged on July 20, 1946 (along with 18 other legislators) with accepting bribes to vote against a banking bill, but the entire case collapsed when the star prosecution witness, Charles F. Hemans, refused to testify. Burial location unknown.
  Carl Winter (1906-1991) — of Manhattan, New York County, N.Y.; Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minn.; Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, Calif.; Michigan. Born in 1906. Communist. Candidate for New York state senate 13th District, 1932; candidate for U.S. Senator from Minnesota, 1940; convicted in 1949 under the Smith Act, for conspiring to advocate the overthrow of the government; served five years in prison. Died in 1991 (age about 85 years). Interment at Forest Home Cemetery, Forest Park, Ill.
  Relatives: Married to Helen Allison Winter (daughter of Alfred Wagenknecht and Hortense Allison Wagenknecht; niece of Elmer T. Allison).
  Political family: Winter-Wagenknecht family.
  George William Crockett Jr. (1909-1997) — also known as George W. Crockett, Jr. — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Jacksonville, Duval County, Fla., August 10, 1909. Democrat. Recorder's court judge in Michigan, 1966-78; U.S. Representative from Michigan 13th District, 1980-91; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1984, 1988; arrested during an anti-apartheid protest outside the South African Embassy in Washington, 1984. Baptist. African ancestry. Member, Kappa Alpha Psi; National Lawyers Guild. Served four months in federal prison for contempt of court in 1950, following his defense of a Communist leader on trial in New York for advocating the overthrow of the government. Among the founders of the nation's first interracial law firm. Ill with bone cancer in 1997, he suffered a stroke and died five days later, in Washington Home and Hospice, Washington, D.C., September 7, 1997 (age 88 years, 28 days). Cremated.
  Relatives: Father of George W. Crockett III.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article
  William W. Voisine (1897-1959) — also known as Wilfred William Voisine — of Ecorse, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Michigan, November 20, 1897. Steel executive; village president of Ecorse, Michigan, 1936-37; members of a steelworker terrorist group, the Black Legion, repeatedly attempted to kill him in 1936; Jesse Pettijohn and Lawrence Madden were later convicted of conspiracy to commit murder; mayor of Ecorse, Mich., 1948-49, 1954-57. French Canadian ancestry. Convicted in April, 1950, of falsely testifying to a Congressional committee in 1948 that he had received only the regular price for steel; sentenced to two years in federal prison. In October, 1956, a warrant was issued for his arrest, along with several members of the city council, for knowingly permitting illegal gambling in Ecorse, in return for bribes and gratuities; Gov. G. Mennen Williams initiated removal proceedings against the officials. Died in 1959 (age about 61 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Abel Voisine and Eugenia Jennie (Blais) Voisine; married, August 1, 1918, to Helen Pearl O'Brien.
  William Albertson (1910-1972) — of Manhattan, New York County, N.Y.; Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Odessa, Russia (now Ukraine), May 7, 1910. Communist. Candidate for New York state senate 16th District, 1932; candidate for U.S. Representative from New York 17th District, 1934; secretary-treasurer, Local 16, Hotel and Restaurant Workers Union. Indicted, along with other Communist leaders, by a federal grand jury in August, 1951; tried, in Pittsburgh, starting in November 1952, and convicted in August, 1953, under the Smith Act, of conspiring to advocate the violent overthrow of the U.S. government; sentenced to five years in prison; the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the convictions in 1956. Expelled from the Communist Party in 1964 over claims that he served as an undercover police agent; in 1976, it was revealed that the charge was founded on a phony letter planted by the F.B.I. Died, in an automobile accident, February 19, 1972 (age 61 years, 288 days). Burial location unknown.
  Daniel W. West (b. 1909) — of Nashville, Davidson County, Tenn.; Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Algood, Putnam County, Tenn., September 5, 1909. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1960, 1964 (alternate); member of Michigan state house of representatives, 1963-65 (Wayne County 6th District 1963-64, 24th District 1965); defeated in primary, 1954 (Wayne County 6th District), 1956 (Wayne County 6th District), 1958 (Wayne County 6th District), 1960 (Wayne County 6th District), 1965 (24th District). Convicted of various crimes, including burglary, larceny, and forgery, in Minnesota, Iowa, and Washington, D.C., and was sentenced to prison in those places; came to Michigan and assumed the identity of a deceased New York attorney of the same name; indicted in late 1964 on state charges of voter registration fraud and federal charges of income tax fraud and forgery; in January 1965, his seat in the Michigan House was declared vacant. Burial location unknown.
  Louis Charles Miriani (1897-1987) — also known as Louis C. Miriani — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., January 1, 1897. Republican. Served in the U.S. Navy during World War I; lawyer; mayor of Detroit, Mich., 1957-62; indicted in 1966 for evading federal taxes on income he failed to report in 1959-62; tried and convicted in 1968; following unsuccessful appeals, he served almost a year in federal prison; released in 1971. Italian ancestry. Died in Pontiac, Oakland County, Mich., October 18, 1987 (age 90 years, 290 days). Entombed in mausoleum at Holy Sepulchre Cemetery, Southfield, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Charles Miriani and Carolina (Venegoni) Miriani; married, April 11, 1929, to Vera M. Vachon; uncle of Ronald G. Miriani.
  See also Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Mortimer Thomas Furay (1910-1972) — also known as Mort Furay — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., July 23, 1910. Democrat. President, Local 705, Hotel and Restaurant Employees Union; vice-president, AFL-CIO Union Label Trade Department; candidate for Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 1st District, 1944; candidate in primary for mayor of Detroit, Mich., 1949; in 1967, at an intersection in Highland Park, Mich., he witnessed a woman being beaten by her husband, and summoned police; when the police officers decided not to arrest the man, he protested, and was arrested for interfering with police; he pleaded not guilty, and a trial date was set, but apparently the case was dropped. Died, probably from a heart attack, in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., March 12, 1972 (age 61 years, 233 days); body was donated to Wayne State University Medical School.
  Relatives: Son of Mortimer John Furay and Florence Bell (Kratz) Furay; married 1932 to Corinne Kelly.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
John B. Swainson John Burley Swainson (1925-1994) — also known as John B. Swainson — of Plymouth, Wayne County, Mich.; Detroit, Wayne County, Mich.; Manchester, Washtenaw County, Mich. Born in Windsor, Ontario, July 31, 1925. Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during World War II; lawyer; member of Michigan state senate 18th District, 1955-58; Lieutenant Governor of Michigan, 1959-60; Governor of Michigan, 1961-62; defeated, 1962; member of Democratic National Committee from Michigan, 1963; circuit judge in Michigan 3rd Circuit, 1965-70; justice of Michigan state supreme court, 1971-75; resigned 1975. Member, American Legion; Veterans of Foreign Wars; Disabled American Veterans; Delta Theta Phi; Amvets; Purple Heart; Lions; Elks. Lost both legs in a land mine explosion on November 15, 1944, near Metz, Alsace-Lorraine, during World War II. Charged in 1975 with accepting a bribe; found not guilty, but convicted of perjury over his testimony to the grand jury. Died, of a heart attack, in Manchester, Washtenaw County, Mich., May 13, 1994 (age 68 years, 286 days). Interment at Oak Grove Cemetery, Manchester, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of John Adam Carl Swainson.
  Cross-reference: Zolton A. Ferency
  See also National Governors Association biography — NNDB dossier — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Books about John Swainson: Lawrence M. Glazer, Wounded Warrior: The Rise and Fall of Michigan Governor John Swainson
  Image source: Michigan Manual 1957-58
  Philip C. Bellfy (b. 1946) — also known as Phil Bellfy — of Sault Ste. Marie, Chippewa County, Mich. Born, in a hospital at Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., April 7, 1946. College teacher; Human Rights candidate for Michigan State University board of trustees, 1976; candidate for Presidential Elector for Michigan; after refusing to remove his hat, was arrested for trespassing in Michigan state capitol building, 1977; Independent candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 11th District, 1986; candidate for Presidential Elector for Michigan. Chippewa Indian ancestry. Still living as of 2004.
Charles C. Diggs, Jr. Charles Coles Diggs Jr. (1922-1998) — also known as Charles C. Diggs, Jr. — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., December 2, 1922. Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army Air Force in World War II; mortician; member of Michigan state senate 3rd District, 1951-54; U.S. Representative from Michigan 13th District, 1955-80; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1956, 1960, 1964, 1968, 1976 (alternate); candidate for Presidential Elector for Michigan. Baptist. African ancestry. Member, Elks; Freemasons; American Legion. First chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus; charged in March 1978 with taking kickbacks from staff whose salaries he raised; convicted, October 7, 1978, on eleven counts of mail fraud and filing false payroll forms; insisted he had done nothing wrong, and was re-elected while awaiting sentencing; censured by the House on July 31, 1979; sentenced to three years in prison and served 14 months. Died, of a stroke, at Greater Southwest Community Hospital, Washington, D.C., August 24, 1998 (age 75 years, 265 days). Interment at Detroit Memorial Park East, Warren, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Charles Coles Diggs Sr..
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — NNDB dossier — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Image source: Michigan Manual 1957-58
  Joel Patterson — of Benton Harbor, Berrien County, Mich. Mayor of Benton Harbor, Mich., 1981; defeated, 1981. Indicted in 1981, along with the City Attorney, on federal embezzlement and bribery charges in connection with a housing program. Still living as of 1981.
  Daisy L. Elliott (1917-2015) — also known as Daisy Elizabeth Lenoir — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Filbert, McDowell County, W.Va., November 26, 1917. Democrat. Realtor; delegate to Michigan state constitutional convention from Wayne County 4th District, 1961-62; member of Michigan state house of representatives, 1963-78, 1981-82 (Wayne County 4th District 1963-64, 22nd District 1965-72, 8th District 1973-78, 1981-82); defeated in primary, 1950 (Wayne County 1st District), 1954 (Wayne County 11th District), 1956 (Wayne County 4th District), 1958 (Wayne County 4th District), 1960 (Wayne County 4th District), 1982 (8th District); delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1968 (alternate), 1976; co-author of the Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act; candidate for Michigan state senate 5th District, 1978; arrested in April 1982 for driving a stolen 1977 Cadillac deVille automobile; arraigned on a charge of receiving and concealing stolen property; she claimed she had bought the car from a dealer, but the firm had no record of this, and the document she presented had been faked; lost renomination as State Representatve in August 1982, while under indictment; convicted in November 1982 and sentenced to 60 days in jail. Female. African ancestry. Member, NAACP; League of Women Voters; Junior League. Died, in DMC Sinai-Grace Hospital, Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., December 22, 2015 (age 98 years, 26 days). Interment at Woodlawn Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.
  Relatives: Daughter of Robert Lenoir and Daisy (Dorm) Lenoir.
  The Elliott-Larsen Building (housing state offices; built 1919-21; burned 1951 and rebuilt; previously named for Lewis Cass; given present name in 2020), in Lansing, Michigan, is partly named for her.
  See also Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial
  John James Conyers Jr. (1929-2019) — also known as John Conyers, Jr. — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Highland Park, Wayne County, Mich., May 16, 1929. Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during the Korean conflict; lawyer; U.S. Representative from Michigan, 1965-2017 (1st District 1965-93, 14th District 1993-2013, 13th District 2013-17); resigned 2017; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1984, 1988, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008; arrested during an anti-apartheid protest outside the South African Embassy in Washington, 1984; candidate for mayor of Detroit, Mich., 1989; in 2017, it was reported that a former member of Conyers' staff had alleged that he had sexually harassed her, and had been paid a settlement of $27,000; subsequently, the House Ethics Committee started an investigation into multiple such allegations; he subsequently resigned from Congress. Baptist. African ancestry. Member, NAACP. Recipient of the Spingarn Medal, 2007. Died in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., October 27, 2019 (age 90 years, 164 days). Entombed at Detroit Memorial Park East, Warren, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of John James Conyers and Lucille Jane (Simpson) Conyers; brother of Nathan G. Conyers; married 1990 to Monica Esters.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — NNDB dossier — Find-A-Grave memorial
Basil W. Brown Basil W. Brown (1927-1997) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich.; Highland Park, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Vandalia, Cass County, Mich., March 20, 1927. Democrat. Served in the U.S. Navy during World War II; lawyer; member of Michigan state senate, 1957-88 (3rd District 1957-64, 6th District 1965-74, 3rd District 1975-82, 2nd District 1983-88); resigned 1988; in 1985, a prostitute working for the police went to visit him several times, and exchanged sex for marijuana and cocaine; arrested November 8, 1985; pleaded guilty in 1987 and resigned from the Senate; sentenced to six months in jail, fines, and probation; his law license was also suspended; the state supreme court threw out the conviction in 1991. Episcopalian. African ancestry. Member, Kappa Alpha Psi; Elks; Veterans of Foreign Wars; Amvets; NAACP. Injured in a fire at his home, while also suffering cancer, and died two weeks later, in Harper Hospital, Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., October 28, 1997 (age 70 years, 222 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, June 8, 1950, to Ermajeanne Seeger.
  See also Wikipedia article
  Image source: Michigan Manual 1957-58
  Samuel Jerome Bronson (1930-1986) — also known as S. Jerome Bronson — of Franklin, Oakland County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., March 21, 1930. Democrat. Lawyer; candidate for Michigan state senate 12th District, 1960; Oakland County Prosecuting Attorney, 1965-68; candidate for circuit judge in Michigan 6th Circuit, 1966; Judge, Michigan Court of Appeals 2nd District, 1969-86; died in office 1986. Jewish. Member, American Bar Association. Arrested and charged with soliciting and accepting a bribe of $20,000 for his vote on a pending case; he killed himself by gunshot the same day, in Franklin, Oakland County, Mich., November 14, 1986 (age 56 years, 238 days). Interment at Beth El Memorial Park, Livonia, Mich.
  Cross-reference: James N. Canham
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  James N. Canham — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Lawyer; circuit judge in Michigan 3rd Circuit, 1961-77; appointed 1961. Acted as a go-between between Michigan Court of Appeals Judge S. Jerome Bronson and an attorney from whom a bribe was solicited. Arrested in November 1986; in return for immunity from prosecution, he helped to implicate Judge Bronson, who killed himself the same day he was arrested. Because he aided and abetted bribery, Canham's license to practice law was subsequently revoked. Still living as of 1986.
  Harold Joseph Scott (b. 1938) — also known as Harold J. Scott — of Flint, Genesee County, Mich. Born in Flint, Genesee County, Mich., October 5, 1938. Democrat. School teacher; member of Michigan state house of representatives 80th District, 1973-77; resigned 1977; member of Michigan state senate 29th District, 1977-82. Catholic. Member, Knights of Columbus; Eagles. Convicted on rape charges and sentenced to prison in 1988. Still living as of 1988.
  Relatives: Brother of Thomas E. Scott.
  Jack Kevorkian (1928-2011) — also known as "Dr. Death" — Born in Pontiac, Oakland County, Mich., May 26, 1928. Physician; euthanasia advocate whose campaign of assisted suicides of terminally ill patients in 1989-99 brought him national publicity; his medical license was revoked in 1990; he faced numerous murder charges starting in 1993; acquitted by juries several times; convicted in 1999 and sentenced to 10 to 25 years in prison; released in 2007; Independent candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 9th District, 2008. Atheist. Armenian ancestry. Died, from kidney and heart problems, in Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Oakland County, Mich., June 3, 2011 (age 83 years, 8 days). Interment at White Chapel Memorial Park Cemetery, Troy, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Levon Kevorkian.
  See also Wikipedia article — NNDB dossier — Internet Movie Database profile
  David Jaye (b. 1958) — also known as Dave Jaye — of Washington, Macomb County, Mich. Born in 1958. Republican. Member of Michigan state house of representatives, 1989-93 (26th District 1989-92, 32nd District 1993); defeated, 1986; member of Michigan state senate 12th District; elected 1998; defeated in primary, 2001. Convicted of drunk driving in 1993, and sentenced to 10 days in jail; pleaded guilty to drunk driving in June 2000, and sentenced to 45 days in jail. Expelled from the Michigan state senate. Still living as of 2001.
  Tom Joe Barrow (b. 1949) — also known as Tom Barrow — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born, in Kirwood Hospital, Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., January 12, 1949. Democrat. Accountant; candidate for mayor of Detroit, Mich., 1985, 1989, 2009, 2013 (primary), 2021 (primary); candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan, 1990 (13th District), 1992 (15th District); convicted of on federal charges of tax evasion in 1993; served 18 months in prison; his contention that he was wrongfully convicted was later supported by a ruling of the U.S. Tax Court in 2008. African ancestry. Still living as of 2021.
  Relatives: Son of Albert Barrow and Mattie Barrow.
  See also OurCampaigns candidate detail
  Gerald Steven Ackerman (b. 1956) — also known as Gerald Ackerman; Ajax Ackerman — of Port Huron, St. Clair County, Mich. Born August 5, 1956. Mayor of Port Huron, Mich., 1997-99; resigned 1999. Arraigned in April 1999 on 14 counts of criminal sexual conduct involving children; tried in October 1999 and convicted only of the indecent exposure charges, with the jury unable to agree on the others; sentenced to one year imprisonment; retried in May 2000 and convicted on 10 felony counts of criminal sexual conduct; sentenced to 18 to 38 years imprisonment. Still living as of 2007.
  William Hackel (born c.1942) — Born about 1942. Macomb County Sheriff, 1977-2000; charged in November 1999 of raping a 26-year-old woman at a sheriffs' convention; tried and convicted in April 2000, and sentenced to three to fifteen years in prison. Still living as of 2000.
  Joseph F. Young Jr. (b. 1950) — also known as Joe Young, Jr. — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., November 4, 1950. Democrat. Member of Michigan state house of representatives, 1979-94 (15th District 1979-92, 4th District 1993-94); member of Michigan state senate 1st District, 1995-; defeated in primary, 1988. Catholic. African ancestry. Member, NAACP; Knights of Columbus. Arrested on July 21, 2000 on Interstate 96 near Howell, Michigan, and charged with drunk driving; pleaded guilty in September 2000 to impaired driving; sentenced to six months probation, and fined. Still living as of 2000.
  Relatives: Son of Joseph F. Young Sr..
  Lewis Brooks Patterson (1939-2019) — also known as L. Brooks Patterson — of Oakland County, Mich. Born in Loogootee, Martin County, Ind., January 4, 1939. Republican. Lawyer; Oakland County Prosecuting Attorney, 1972-88; candidate for U.S. Senator from Michigan, 1978; delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1984 (alternate), 1988; Oakland County Executive, 1993-2019; charged with reckless driving following a traffic stop in 2003. Died, from pancreatic cancer, in Independence Township, Oakland County, Mich., August 3, 2019 (age 80 years, 211 days). Burial location unknown.
  See also Wikipedia article
  Kwame Malik Kilpatrick (b. 1970) — also known as Kwame M. Kilpatrick — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., June 8, 1970. Democrat. School teacher; lawyer; member of Michigan state house of representatives 9th District, 1997-2001; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 2000, 2004, 2008; mayor of Detroit, Mich., 2002-08; resigned 2008; member of Democratic National Committee from Michigan, 2004-08; charged in 2008 with obstruction of justice, perjury, and misconduct in office, in connection with his denial under oath of an affair with his chief of staff, Christine Beatty, and misleading the city council over a payment of $8.4 million to settle a whistleblower lawsuit filed by two police officers, which included a secret deal to prevent evidence of the affair from being disclosed; later charged with assaulting two police officers who were serving a subpoena; pleaded guilty to two felony counts of obstruction of justice and no contest to one assault charge; he also agreed to four months in jail, payment of $1 million in restitution, to resign as mayor, and to give up his law license and pension. Baptist. African ancestry. Member, NAACP. Still living as of 2020.
  Relatives: Son of Bernard Kilpatrick and Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick.
  See also Wikipedia article — NNDB dossier
"Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of a political graveyard."
Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872
The Political Graveyard

The Political Graveyard is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 320,919 politicians, living and dead.
 
  The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President, members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; and the chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifying municipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, for any of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellate judges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet, diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys, collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of major federal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmasters of qualifying communities; (5) state and national political party officials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and other participants in national party nominating conventions; (6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nations before 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify", for Political Graveyard purposes, if they have at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive of predecessor, successor, and merged entities.  
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Copyright notices: (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; see Feist v. Rural Telephone. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this site are 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe to constitute fair use under applicable copyright law. Where possible, each image is linked to its online source. However, requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from this site are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection and arrangement are © 1996-2023 Lawrence Kestenbaum. (4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under a Creative Commons License.
Site information: The Political Graveyard is created and maintained by Lawrence Kestenbaum, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — The mailing address is The Political Graveyard, P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106. — This site is hosted by HDL. — The Political Graveyard opened on July 1, 1996; the last full revision was done on March 8, 2023.

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