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Politician members

Very incomplete list!

  Michael Dennis Antonovich (b. 1939) — also known as Michael D. Antonovich — of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, Calif. Born in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, Calif., August 12, 1939. Republican. School teacher; member of California Republican State Central Committee, 1965-73; alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from California, 1972; member of California state assembly 43rd District, 1973-78. Lutheran. Member, Sigma Nu; Phi Delta Kappa; Elks; Native Sons of the Golden West. Still living as of 2014.
  Relatives: Son of Michael 'Mike' Antonovich and Francis (McColm) Antonovich.
  See also Wikipedia article — NNDB dossier
  Julian Beck (1905-1992) — of San Fernando, Los Angeles County, Calif. Born in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa., May 13, 1905. Democrat. School teacher; lawyer; member of California state assembly 41st District, 1942; delegate to Democratic National Convention from California, 1948, 1952 (alternate). Presbyterian. Member, Lions; Elks; Freemasons; Knights Templar; Shriners; Phi Delta Kappa. Died August 18, 1992 (age 87 years, 97 days). Entombed in mausoleum at Eternal Valley Memorial Park, Santa Clarita, Calif.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Guy Vernon Bennett (b. 1880) — also known as G. Vernon Bennett — of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, Calif. Born in Waverly, Bremer County, Iowa, February 17, 1880. Democrat. Lawyer; superintendent of schools; university professor; member of California Democratic State Central Committee, 1938-40, 1948; alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from California, 1940. Methodist. Member, Kiwanis; Freemasons; Phi Delta Kappa. Burial location unknown.
  Nancy Merritt Boykin (1919-2006) — also known as Nancy M. Boykin; Nancy Merritt; Nancy Smith — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Washington, D.C., March 20, 1919. Republican. Social worker; founder (1966) and head (1966-87) of Detroit Public Schools Continuing Education for Girls; delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1972 (alternate), 1976; candidate for Presidential Elector for Michigan; member of Michigan Republican State Central Committee, 1975-80, 1983-2006. Female. African ancestry. Member, Phi Delta Kappa; Alpha Kappa Alpha. Died January 28, 2006 (age 86 years, 314 days). Interment at Detroit Memorial Park West, Redford Township, Wayne County, Mich.
  Relatives: Daughter of Matthew Merritt and Mary Gertrude (White) Merritt; married, April 17, 1965, to Ulysses Wilhelm Boykin; step-mother of Ulysses Boykin III.
  Political family: Boykin family of Redford Township and Detroit, Michigan.
  The Nancy Boykin Continuing Education Center (closed 2010), an alternative school for pregnant teens in Detroit, Michigan, was named for her.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Ernest King Bramblett (1901-1966) — also known as Ernest K. Bramblett — of Pacific Grove, Monterey County, Calif. Born in Fresno, Fresno County, Calif., April 25, 1901. Republican. Insurance business; mayor of Pacific Grove, Calif., 1938-46; U.S. Representative from California, 1947-55 (11th District 1947-53, 13th District 1953-55). Protestant. Member, Phi Delta Kappa; Elks; Moose; Rotary; Freemasons; Scottish Rite Masons; Knights Templar; Shriners. Investigated by a federal grand jury in Washington over payroll padding in his office; he had hired his wife, received kickbacks from employees who did no work, and made false statements to the House disbursing officer; indicted on 18 counts in June 1953; pleaded not guilty; tried in February 1954; convicted on seven counts; his conviction was stayed pending appeal, but ultimately upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court; fined $5,000, placed on one-year probation, and separately required to pay restitution. Died December 27, 1966 (age 65 years, 246 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of James Mitchell Bramblett and Bettie Frances (King) Bramblett; married, May 5, 1924, to Lois Candace Bowker.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  George Sylvester Counts (1889-1974) — also known as George S. Counts — of Manhattan, New York County, N.Y.; New Hope, Bucks County, Pa. Born near Baldwin City, Douglas County, Kan., December 9, 1889. University professor; author; president, American Federation of Teachers, 1939-42; New York American Labor Party state chair, 1942-44; Liberal candidate for U.S. Senator from New York, 1952; New York Liberal Party state chair, 1955-59. Member, American Civil Liberties Union; Delta Tau Delta; Phi Delta Kappa; Kappa Delta Pi. Suffered a stroke, and died two weeks later, in a hospital at Belleville, St. Clair County, Ill., November 10, 1974 (age 84 years, 336 days). His body was donated to Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Mo.
  Relatives: Son of James Wilson Counts and Mertie Florella (Gamble) Counts.
A. G. Crane Arthur Griswold Crane (1877-1955) — also known as A. G. Crane — of Cheyenne, Laramie County, Wyo. Born in Davenport Center, Delaware County, N.Y., September 1, 1877. Republican. Secretary of state of Wyoming, 1947-51; Governor of Wyoming, 1949-51. Presbyterian. Member, Phi Beta Kappa; Delta Sigma Rho; Phi Delta Kappa; Freemasons. Died August 21, 1955 (age 77 years, 354 days). Burial location unknown.
  See also National Governors Association biography
  Image source: Who's Who in United States Politics (1950)
  Sidna Poage Dalton (1892-1965) — also known as S. P. Dalton — of Cape Girardeau, Cape Girardeau County, Mo. Born in Vernon County, Mo., November 16, 1892. Lawyer; Cape Girardeau County Prosecuting Attorney, 1927-28, 1931-34; justice of Missouri state supreme court, 1950-65; appointed 1950; chief justice of Missouri state supreme court, 1956-58. Methodist. Member, Order of the Coif; Phi Alpha Delta; Phi Delta Kappa; American Bar Association; American Judicature Society; Freemasons; Odd Fellows; Acacia. Died in Jefferson City, Cole County, Mo., April 26, 1965 (age 72 years, 161 days). Interment at Memorial Park Cemetery, Columbia, Mo.
  Relatives: Son of Frederick Andrew Dalton and Ida (Poage) Dalton; brother of John Montgomery Dalton; married, August 3, 1918, to Edna Rusk.
  Clyde Russel Dengler (1899-1992) — also known as Clyde R. Dengler — of Newtown Square, Delaware County, Pa. Born in Fleetwood, Berks County, Pa., May 10, 1899. Republican. Member of Pennsylvania state house of representatives, 1957-66; member of Pennsylvania state senate 26th District, 1969-74. Presbyterian. Member, National Education Association; American Legion; Lions; Freemasons; Phi Delta Kappa. Died August 15, 1992 (age 93 years, 97 days). Burial location unknown.
  Walter Friar Dexter (1886-1945) — also known as Walter F. Dexter — of Whittier, Los Angeles County, Calif. Born in Chicago, Cook County, Ill., November 21, 1886. Republican. President, Whittier College, 1923-34; secretary to Gov. Frank F. Merriam; delegate to Republican National Convention from California, 1932; California superintendent of public instruction, 1937-45; appointed 1937; died in office 1945. Quaker. Member, Phi Delta Kappa; Phi Beta Kappa; Lions. Died October 21, 1945 (age 58 years, 334 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Harry Dexter and Margaret (Bell) Dexter; married, August 25, 1910, to Ethel Lenore Smith.
Eugene B. Elliott Eugene B. Elliott (1896-1971) — of Lansing, Ingham County, Mich. Born in Pontiac, Oakland County, Mich., April 6, 1896. Republican. Served in the U.S. Army Air Corps in World War I; school teacher; superintendent of schools; Michigan superintendent of public instruction, 1935-48; appointed 1935; resigned 1948. Member, Freemasons; Phi Delta Kappa; Phi Kappa Phi; Phi Beta Kappa; Rotary; American Legion; Veterans of Foreign Wars. Died September 25, 1971 (age 75 years, 172 days). Interment at Adrian Center Cemetery, Adrian, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of John Elliott and Anna (Hyde) Elliott; married, August 18, 1923, to Wilma A. Gardner.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Image source: Michigan Manual 1939
  Ronald D. Glass (b. 1911) — of Paterson, Passaic County, N.J. Born in Paterson, Passaic County, N.J., September 22, 1911. School teacher and principal; served in the U.S. Army Air Force in World War II; delegate to New Jersey state constitutional convention from Passaic County, 1947. Member, Phi Delta Kappa; American Legion. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, September 2, 1939, to Margaret Hunt.
James M. Hare James McNeil Hare (1910-1980) — also known as James M. Hare — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich.; Lansing, Ingham County, Mich. Born in Racine, Racine County, Wis., July 31, 1910. Democrat. Candidate for Presidential Elector for Michigan; secretary of state of Michigan, 1955-70; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1956 (alternate), 1968; candidate for Governor of Michigan, 1960. Unitarian. Member, American Federation of Teachers; Phi Delta Kappa. Died in 1980 (age about 69 years). Burial location unknown.
  Image source: Michigan Manual 1957-58
  Richard Fielding Harless (1905-1970) — also known as Richard F. Harless — of Phoenix, Maricopa County, Ariz. Born in Kelsey, Upshur County, Tex., August 6, 1905. Democrat. Lawyer; Maricopa County Attorney, 1939-42; U.S. Representative from Arizona at-large, 1943-49; defeated, 1954, 1958, 1960; candidate for Governor of Arizona, 1948, 1950; candidate for mayor of Phoenix, Ariz., 1963. Member, Sigma Nu; Phi Delta Phi; Phi Delta Kappa; Delta Sigma Rho; Elks; Woodmen; Optimist Club. Died in Phoenix, Maricopa County, Ariz., November 24, 1970 (age 65 years, 110 days). Interment at Greenwood Memory Lawn Cemetery, Phoenix, Ariz.
  Relatives: Son of William Crousin Harless and Mary Matilda (Pennington) Harless; married, June 8, 1934, to Margaret Leone Harris; married 1948 to Meredith Howard.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Find-A-Grave memorial — OurCampaigns candidate detail
  Charles Abner Howard (b. 1881) — also known as Charles A. Howard — of Monmouth, Polk County, Ore. Born in Greenwood County, Kan., February 17, 1881. Republican. School teacher; superintendent of schools; school principal; Oregon superintendent of public instruction, 1927-37; resigned 1937; president, Eastern Oregon College of Education, 1937-39; president, Oregon College of Education, from 1939. Presbyterian. Member, Phi Delta Kappa; Freemasons; Order of the Eastern Star; Elks. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Abner Howard and Catherine Mary (Lough) Howard; married, August 11, 1909, to Cora DeFontaigne Shaw.
  Thomas A. Hutto — also known as Tom Hutto — of St. Albans, Kanawha County, W.Va. Democrat. College professor; state campaign chair, Eugene McCarthy for President, 1968, and Jimmy Carter for President, 1976; candidate for West Virginia state house of delegates from Kanawha County, 1970; alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from West Virginia, 1972. Unitarian. Member, Americans for Democratic Action; American Civil Liberties Union; Kappa Phi Kappa; Phi Delta Kappa. Still living as of 2004.
  Dale Edward Kildee (b. 1929) — also known as Dale E. Kildee — of Flint, Genesee County, Mich. Born in Flint, Genesee County, Mich., September 16, 1929. Democrat. School teacher; member of Michigan state house of representatives 81st District, 1965-74; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1968, 1984, 1988, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008; member of Michigan state senate 29th District, 1975-77; resigned 1977; U.S. Representative from Michigan, 1977-2013 (7th District 1977-93, 9th District 1993-2003, 5th District 2003-13). Catholic. Member, Optimist Club; Knights of Columbus; American Federation of Teachers; Urban League; Phi Delta Kappa; Elks. Still living as of 2014.
  Relatives: Married 1965 to Gayle Heyn; uncle of Daniel T. Kildee.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — NNDB dossier
  Charles A. Lee (b. 1891) — of Bates County, Mo. Born near Rolla, Phelps County, Mo., July 18, 1891. Democrat. Missouri superintendent of schools, 1923-34. Member, Phi Delta Kappa; Freemasons; Shriners; Knights of Pythias. Burial location unknown.
  Evelyn J. Lynn (b. 1930) — of Volusia County, Fla. Born in Astoria, Queens, Queens County, N.Y., February 2, 1930. Republican. Member of Florida state house of representatives 27th District, 1995-. Female. Methodist. Member, Phi Delta Kappa; American Association of University Women. Still living as of 1999.
C. H. McKown C. H. McKown (b. 1907) — also known as Jackie McKown — of Wayne, Wayne County, W.Va. Born in Ripley, Jackson County, W.Va., October 10, 1907. Democrat. School principal; member of West Virginia state senate 5th District, 1941-56, 1959-72; defeated, 1956; chair of Wayne County Democratic Party, 1954-55. Methodist. Member, Freemasons; Shriners; Elks; Lions; Phi Delta Kappa; Kappa Alpha Order. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of John G. McKown and Charlotte (Staats) McKown; married to Mary Sinclair.
  Image source: West Virginia Blue Book 1951
  William Estus McVey (1885-1958) — also known as William E. McVey — of Harvey, Cook County, Ill. Born in Clinton County, Ohio, December 13, 1885. Republican. University professor; U.S. Representative from Illinois 4th District, 1951-58; died in office 1958. Episcopalian. Member, Phi Beta Kappa; Phi Delta Kappa; Phi Kappa Tau. Died in Washington, D.C., August 10, 1958 (age 72 years, 240 days). Interment at Linwood Cemetery, Galesburg, Ill.
  Relatives: Married to Katharine Johnson.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  Henry C. Messinger (b. 1915) — of Allentown, Lehigh County, Pa. Born in South Allentown, Lehigh County, Pa., May 30, 1915. Democrat. Member of Pennsylvania state senate 16th District, 1971-82. Member, National Education Association; Phi Delta Kappa. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown.
  Vernon Lewis Nickell (1891-1969) — also known as Vernon L. Nickell — of Champaign, Champaign County, Ill. Born in Bellflower, McLean County, Ill., March 2, 1891. Republican. School teacher; athletic coach; superintendent of schools; Illinois superintendent of public instruction, 1943-59; delegate to Republican National Convention from Illinois, 1952. Methodist. Member, Phi Delta Kappa; Kappa Delta Pi; Kappa Phi Kappa; Exchange Club; Union League; Elks; Freemasons. Died in Springfield, Sangamon County, Ill., August 15, 1969 (age 78 years, 166 days). Interment at Mt. Hope Cemetery, Urbana, Ill.
  Relatives: Son of Elias Dolison Nickell and Ida Mae (Lewis) Nickell; married 1916 to Leta O. Nofzigger.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial — OurCampaigns candidate detail
Stephen S. Nisbet Stephen Sutherland Nisbet (1895-1986) — also known as Stephen S. Nisbet — of Fremont, Newaygo County, Mich. Born in Tawas City, Iosco County, Mich., May 28, 1895. Republican. Served in the U.S. Navy during World War I; school teacher and principal; superintendent of schools; vice-president, Gerber Baby Foods; bank director; member of Michigan state board of education, 1943-61; appointed 1943; delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1960 (member, Resolutions Committee); delegate to Michigan state constitutional convention from 26th Senatorial District, 1961-62; member of Michigan State University board of trustees, 1964-70. Congregationalist. Member, American Legion; Freemasons; Phi Delta Kappa; Rotary. Died in Riverside County, Calif., July 3, 1986 (age 91 years, 36 days). Interment at Maple Grove Cemetery, Fremont, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Laura (Black) Nisbet and James Herbert Nisbet; married, August 20, 1920, to Dorcas Sammons.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Image source: Michigan Manual 1957-58
  Robert Enlow O'Brian (1895-1977) — also known as Robert E. O'Brian — of Grand Forks, Grand Forks County, N.Dak.; Sioux City, Woodbury County, Iowa; South Laguna, Laguna Beach, Orange County, Calif. Born in Bryant, Fulton County, Ill., July 22, 1895. Democrat. Locomotive fireman; automobile mechanic; served in the U.S. Army during World War I; pastor; president, Morningside College, 1931-36; Dry candidate for delegate to Iowa convention to ratify 21st amendment, 1933; secretary of state of Iowa, 1937-39; appointed 1937; defeated, 1938; president, REO Foods, Inc. (operator of a meat packing plant), 1944-59; candidate for U.S. Representative from Iowa 5th District, 1958. Methodist. Member, American Legion; Phi Beta Kappa; Delta Sigma Rho; Phi Delta Kappa; Alpha Pi Zeta; Freemasons; Rotary. Killed when he was hit by a car on the Pacific Coast Highway, Laguna Beach, Orange County, Calif., October 25, 1977 (age 82 years, 95 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of William O'Brian and Mary Catherine (Laemle) O'Brian; married 1920 to Mabel Day.
  Gary M. Owen (b. 1944) — of Ypsilanti, Washtenaw County, Mich. Born in Lawrence County, Ala., September 9, 1944. Democrat. Member of Michigan state house of representatives 22nd District, 1973-88; Speaker of the Michigan State House of Representatives, 1983-88. Baptist. Member, Jaycees; Phi Delta Kappa. Still living as of 1995.
  The Gary M. Owen College of Business, at Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, is named for him.
  Ray Page (b. 1921) — of Springfield, Sangamon County, Ill. Born in New Berlin, Sangamon County, Ill., December 8, 1921. Republican. Served in the U.S. Army Air Force in World War II; school teacher; athletic coach; Illinois superintendent of public instruction, 1963-71; delegate to Republican National Convention from Illinois, 1964 (delegation secretary), 1968. Christian. Member, Phi Delta Kappa; Freemasons; Shriners; Elks; American Legion. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Warren Page and Pearl (Taylor) Page; married, June 6, 1943, to Kathryn Kincaid.
  John W. Porter (1931-2012) — of East Lansing, Ingham County, Mich.; Ann Arbor, Washtenaw County, Mich. Born in Fort Wayne, Allen County, Ind., August 13, 1931. School teacher; Michigan superintendent of public instruction, 1969-79; first African-American state school superintendent; president, Eastern Michigan University, 1979-89. United Church of Christ. African ancestry. Member, Urban League; Phi Delta Kappa; NAACP. Died June 27, 2012 (age 80 years, 319 days). Burial location unknown.
  The John W. Porter Education Building (opened 1999), at Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan, is named for him.
Roman W. Prezioso, Jr. Roman W. Prezioso Jr. (b. 1949) — of Fairmont, Marion County, W.Va. Born June 29, 1949. Democrat. Member of West Virginia state house of delegates, 1989-96; member of West Virginia state senate 13th District, 1997-. Catholic. Member, Phi Delta Kappa; Kiwanis; Knights of Columbus; Toastmasters; Elks; Moose. Still living as of 2014.
  Relatives: Son of Roman W. Prezioso and Amelia A. Prezioso; married, June 15, 1974, to Deborah Marie Haught.
  Image source: West Virginia Legislature
  Robert Lee Proffer (b. 1909) — of Justin, Denton County, Tex. Born in Ponder, Denton County, Tex., April 14, 1909. Democrat. Member of Texas state house of representatives, 1943-46; member of Texas state senate, 1947-50. Baptist. Member, Kiwanis; Phi Delta Kappa; Freemasons. Burial location unknown.
  Maxwell Lewis Rafferty (1917-1982) — also known as Max Rafferty — of La Canada (now part of La Canada Flintridge), Los Angeles County, Calif.; Alabama. Born in New Orleans, Orleans Parish, La., May 9, 1917. Republican. School teacher and principal; superintendent of schools; newspaper columnist; California superintendent of public instruction, 1963-70; defeated, 1970; candidate for U.S. Senator from California, 1968; dean, Education Department, Troy State University, 1971-82. Episcopalian. Irish ancestry. Member, Phi Delta Kappa; Lions; Rotary. Drowned when his car went off the road into a pond, in Troy, Pike County, Ala., June 13, 1982 (age 65 years, 35 days). Interment at Green Hills Cemetery, Troy, Ala.
  Relatives: Son of Maxwell Lewis Rafferty (1886-1967) and DeEtta (Cox) Rafferty; married, June 4, 1944, to Frances Luella Longman.
  See also Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial — OurCampaigns candidate detail
  Harold Barefoot Sanders Jr. (1925-2008) — also known as Barefoot Sanders — of Texas. Born in Dallas, Dallas County, Tex., February 5, 1925. Democrat. Lawyer; member of Texas state house of representatives, 1953-59; candidate for U.S. Representative from Texas 5th District, 1958; U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Texas, 1961-65; legislative counsel for President Lyndon B. Johnson, 1965-67; candidate for U.S. Senator from Texas, 1972; U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Texas, 1979-96; took senior status 1996; senior judge, 1996-2008. Methodist. Member, Phi Delta Theta; Phi Delta Phi; Phi Delta Kappa. Died in Dallas, Dallas County, Tex., September 21, 2008 (age 83 years, 229 days). Burial location unknown.
  See also federal judicial profile — Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
  Roy Scantlin (b. 1894) — of Neosho, Newton County, Mo. Born near St. James, Phelps County, Mo., August 11, 1894. Republican. School teacher; served in the U.S. Army during World War I; Newton County Superintendent of Schools, 1927-43; Missouri superintendent of schools, 1943. Methodist. Member, Freemasons; Kiwanis; Phi Delta Kappa; American Legion. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married 1924 to Leah Neal.
  John A. Wieland (born c.1893) — of Illinois. Born in Illinois, about 1893. Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during World War I; Illinois superintendent of public instruction, 1935-43. German ancestry. Member, American Legion; Phi Delta Kappa; Kappa Phi Kappa. Burial location unknown.
"Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of a political graveyard."
Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872
The Political Graveyard

The Political Graveyard is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 320,919 politicians, living and dead.
 
  The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President, members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; and the chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifying municipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, for any of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellate judges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet, diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys, collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of major federal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmasters of qualifying communities; (5) state and national political party officials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and other participants in national party nominating conventions; (6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nations before 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify", for Political Graveyard purposes, if they have at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive of predecessor, successor, and merged entities.  
  The listings are incomplete; development of the database is a continually ongoing project.  
  Information on this page — and on all other pages of this site — is believed to be accurate, but is not guaranteed. Users are advised to check with other sources before relying on any information here.  
  The official URL for this page is: https://politicalgraveyard.com/group/phi-delta-kappa.html.  
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  If you are searching for a specific named individual, try the alphabetical index of politicians.  
Copyright notices: (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; see Feist v. Rural Telephone. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this site are 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe to constitute fair use under applicable copyright law. Where possible, each image is linked to its online source. However, requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from this site are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection and arrangement are © 1996-2023 Lawrence Kestenbaum. (4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under a Creative Commons License.
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