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Teacher Politicians in Minnesota
school teachers, principals, superintendents

Charles E. Adams Charles Edward Adams (1867-1936) — also known as Charles E. Adams; Charlie Adams — of Granite Falls, Yellow Medicine County, Minn.; Duluth, St. Louis County, Minn. Born in Boston, Suffolk County, Mass., October 1, 1867. Superintendent of schools; lawyer; member of Minnesota state senate 57th District, 1915-36; died in office 1936; Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota, 1929-31. Congregationalist. Member, Phi Delta Theta; Freemasons; Scottish Rite Masons. Died in Duluth, St. Louis County, Minn., October 6, 1936 (age 69 years, 5 days). Interment at Lakewood Cemetery, Minneapolis, Minn.
  Relatives: Son of Emaline (Twitchell) Adams and Isaac Milton Adams; married, May 14, 1902, to Grace Tennant; fourth cousin of Ira George Ormsbee; fourth cousin once removed of William B. Ormsbee.
  Political family: Ormsbee family of Michigan and Massachusetts.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial — Minnesota Legislator record
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
  Bruce W. Anderson (b. 1948) — also known as "Buzz" — of Slayton, Murray County, Minn. Born in Luverne, Rock County, Minn., January 17, 1948. Democrat. School teacher; newspaper reporter; member of Minnesota state house of representatives, 1977-84 (District 26-A 1977-82, District 28-A 1983-84). Lutheran. Still living as of 1984.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Dagmar Irene Anderson (1898-1989) — also known as Dagmar Anderson; Dagmar Irene Cassel — of Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minn.; Scottsdale, Maricopa County, Ariz. Born in Duluth, St. Louis County, Minn., June 21, 1898. Republican. School teacher; alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Minnesota, 1960; chair of Hennepin County Republican Party, 1963-67. Female. Lutheran. Member, Order of the Eastern Star. Died October 8, 1989 (age 91 years, 109 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Daughter of Rev. Carl Oscar Cassel and Ellen (Benson) Cassel; married, June 16, 1926, to Dr. Ernest R. Anderson.
  Roy Benjamin Aune (1900-1993) — also known as Roy B. Aune — of Fergus Falls, Otter Tail County, Minn.; Parkers Prairie, Otter Tail County, Minn. Born in a log cabin, near Fergus Falls, Otter Tail County, Minn., April 9, 1900. Superintendent of schools; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 50, 1945-50. Lutheran. Norwegian ancestry. Member, Rotary; Elks; Freemasons. Died, following a stroke, in the Lake Region Nursing Home, Fergus Falls, Otter Tail County, Minn., June 1, 1993 (age 93 years, 53 days). Interment at Fort Snelling National Cemetery, Minneapolis, Minn.
  Relatives: Son of John Johansen Aune and Ragnhild (Braaten) Aune.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial — Minnesota Legislator record
  Tracy L. Beckman (b. 1945) — of Bricelyn, Faribault County, Minn. Born January 7, 1945. Democrat. School teacher; hardware store owner; corn processing plant manager; member of Minnesota state senate, 1987-99 (29th District 1987-91, 26th District 1992-99); resigned 1999; Democratic-Farmer-Labor candidate for U.S. Representative from Minnesota 1st District, 1998. Still living as of 1999.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  James Adam Bede (1856-1942) — also known as J. Adam Bede — of Pine City, Pine County, Minn.; Duluth, St. Louis County, Minn. Born in Eaton Township, Lorain County, Ohio, January 13, 1856. Republican. School teacher; printer; newspaper reporter; U.S. Representative from Minnesota 8th District, 1903-09; newspaper editor; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 58, 1931-32. Died in Duluth, St. Louis County, Minn., April 11, 1942 (age 86 years, 88 days). Interment at Birchwood Cemetery, Pine City, Minn.
  Relatives: Married to Eva Redding.
  Epitaph: "A dedicated citizen whose love of country inspired him as an editor, lecturer, and Eighth District Congressman, 1903-09"
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial — Minnesota Legislator record
  Clifford L. Benedict (1862-1926) — of Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn. Born in Wisconsin, October 1, 1862. Republican. Lawyer; school principal; member of Minnesota state senate 11th District, 1899-1902; postmaster at Mankato, Minn., 1902-07. Died in 1926 (age about 63 years). Burial location unknown.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Albert Berg (1861-1920) — of Center City, Chisago County, Minn.; Warroad, Roseau County, Minn. Born in Center City, Chisago County, Minn., June 25, 1861. Republican. School teacher; farmer; Chisago County Register of Deeds, 1886-94; secretary of state of Minnesota, 1895-1901; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 63, 1901-02; banker. Lutheran. Swedish ancestry. Died in St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minn., February 13, 1920 (age 58 years, 233 days). Interment at Chisago Lake Cemetery, Center City, Minn.
  Relatives: Step-son of Israel Jonason; son of Jonas Berg and Anna Marie (Gummerson) Berg; married, August 3, 1899, to Lillian R. Daly.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial — Minnesota Legislator record
  John Anton Blatnik (1911-1991) — also known as John A. Blatnik — of Chisholm, St. Louis County, Minn. Born in Chisholm, St. Louis County, Minn., August 17, 1911. Democrat. School teacher; member of Minnesota state senate 60th District, 1941-46; served in the U.S. Army Air Force in World War II; U.S. Representative from Minnesota 8th District, 1947-75; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 1952 (member, Committee on Permanent Organization), 1960, 1964 (delegation chair); member of Democratic National Committee from Minnesota, 1963. Died, from heart failure, in Forest Heights, Prince George's County, Md., December 17, 1991 (age 80 years, 122 days). Interment somewhere in Chisholm, Minn.
  Relatives: Married, April 9, 1955, to Gisela Hager; married to Evelyn Castiglioni.
  Cross-reference: James L. Oberstar
  The John A. Blatnik Bridge, between Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, is named for him.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — NNDB dossier — Minnesota Legislator record
  John E. Boland (1937-2015) — of Maplewood, Ramsey County, Minn.; St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minn. Born in St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minn., August 1, 1937. Democrat. School teacher; member of Minnesota state house of representatives, 1971-73 (District 50-A 1971-72, District 50-B 1973); delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 1976. Died September 2, 2015 (age 78 years, 32 days). Interment at Calvary Cemetery, St. Paul, Minn.
  Relatives: Son of Raymond Boland and Mildred Boland; married to Marie Wolkerstorfer.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Thomas Canty (b. 1854) — of Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minn. Born in London, England, April 25, 1854. Democrat. School teacher; lawyer; justice of Minnesota state supreme court, 1894-99. Burial location unknown.
  Albert Sidney Johnson Carnahan (1897-1968) — also known as A. S. J. Carnahan — of Ellsinore, Carter County, Mo. Born near Ellsinore, Carter County, Mo., January 9, 1897. Democrat. Served in the U.S. Navy during World War I; school teacher and principal; U.S. Representative from Missouri 8th District, 1945-47, 1949-61; defeated, 1942, 1946; U.S. Ambassador to Sierra Leone, 1961-63. Baptist. Member, Freemasons. Died, in the Mayo Clinic hospital, Rochester, Olmsted County, Minn., March 24, 1968 (age 71 years, 75 days). Interment at Carson Hill Cemetery, Near Ellsinore, Carter County, Mo.
  Relatives: Married 1925 to Kathel Schupp; father of Melvin Eugene Carnahan (who married Jean Anne Carpenter); grandfather of John Russell Carnahan and Robin Carnahan.
  Political family: Carnahan family of St. Louis, Missouri.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — U.S. State Dept career summary
  Frank Clague (1865-1952) — of Redwood Falls, Redwood County, Minn. Born in Warrensville (now Warrensville Heights), Cuyahoga County, Ohio, July 13, 1865. Republican. School teacher; lawyer; Redwood County Prosecuting Attorney, 1895-1902; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 19, 1903-06; Speaker of the Minnesota State House of Representatives, 1905; member of Minnesota state senate 19th District, 1907-14; district judge in Minnesota 9th District, 1918-20; U.S. Representative from Minnesota 2nd District, 1921-33. Episcopalian. Member, Freemasons; Knights Templar; Shriners; Odd Fellows; Elks. Died in Redwood Falls, Redwood County, Minn., March 25, 1952 (age 86 years, 256 days). Interment at Redwood Falls Cemetery, Redwood Falls, Minn.
  Relatives: Son of Philip Clague and Catherine (Brew) Clague; married, April 25, 1895, to Stella Porter.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Minnesota Legislator record
  Fred A. Curtis (1899-1972) — of South St. Paul, Dakota County, Minn. Born in Stillwater Township, Washington County, Minn., July 4, 1899. Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during World War I; school principal; lawyer; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 20, 1933-34; candidate for Minnesota state senate 20th District, 1934; alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 1940. Died April 11, 1972 (age 72 years, 282 days). Interment at St. Michael's Cemetery, Bayport, Minn.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial — Minnesota Legislator record
George W. Dealand George William Dealand (b. 1850) — also known as George W. Dealand — of Worthington, Nobles County, Minn. Born in New Hampshire, 1850. School principal; farmer; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 11, 1915-18. Member, Freemasons. Burial location unknown.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
  Calvin Deming (b. 1896) — of Hennepin County, Minn. Born in Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minn., June 28, 1896. Served in the U.S. Army during World War I; school principal; real estate and insurance business; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 29, 1927-30. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Portius C. Deming; married 1917 to Muriel Joy Voegeli.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
Andrew Donovan Andrew Donovan (b. 1868) — also known as Andy Donovan — of Belle Plaine, Scott County, Minn. Born in Green Isle, Sibley County, Minn., December 25, 1868. Democrat. School teacher; farmer; livestock shipping business; manufacturer of drain tile and cement products; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 1916; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 21, 1917-18. Burial location unknown.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
  Frank Marion Eddy (1856-1929) — also known as Frank M. Eddy — of Glenwood, Pope County, Minn.; Sauk Centre, Stearns County, Minn. Born in Pleasant Grove, Olmsted County, Minn., April 1, 1856. Republican. School teacher; Pope County District Court Clerk, 1884-93; U.S. Representative from Minnesota 7th District, 1895-1903; newspaper editor and publisher. Died in St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minn., January 13, 1929 (age 72 years, 287 days). Interment at Greenwood Cemetery, Sauk Centre, Minn.
  Relatives: Married 1886 to Frances Fraser.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Bernhard Kent Eken (b. 1963) — also known as Kent Eken — of Twin Valley, Norman County, Minn. Born December 12, 1963. Democrat. School teacher; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 2-A, 2003-12; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 2008; member of Minnesota state senate 4th District, 2013-. Lutheran. Still living as of 2016.
  Relatives: Son of Willis Roy Eken.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  George A. Farr (b. 1924) — of Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minn.; Bloomington, Hennepin County, Minn. Born in Manhattan, New York County, N.Y., February 21, 1924. Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during World War II; school teacher and principal; Democratic-Farmer-Labor candidate for Minnesota state auditor, 1958; executive secretary, Gov. Orville Freeman, 1959-60; Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor state chair, 1961-67; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 1964. Congregationalist. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of George Farr and Ruth (Townley) Farr; married, February 22, 1945, to Patricia Dunlap Sorlie.
H. H. Flowers Harvey Howard Flowers (b. 1865) — also known as H. Howard Flowers — of Cleveland, Le Sueur County, Minn. Born in Cleveland, Le Sueur County, Minn., 1865. School teacher; postmaster; merchant; banker; member of Minnesota state house of representatives, 1913-18 (District 27 1913-14, District 17 1915-18). Member, Freemasons; Modern Woodmen. Interment at Savidge Lake Cemetery, Cleveland, Minn.
  Relatives: Son of William Antrim Flowers and Margaret (Jones) Flowers; married to Mary E. Diller.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial — Minnesota Legislator record
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
  George Girrbach (1890-1948) — of Sault Ste. Marie, Chippewa County, Mich. Born in Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minn., March 30, 1890. Republican. School teacher; general manager and vice-president, Soo Creamery; secretary, Rudyard Woodworking Corp.; vice-president, Centralgoma Iron Mines, Ltd.; member of Michigan state senate 30th District, 1945-48; died in office 1948; candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 11th District, 1947. Member, Grange; Rotary; Elks; Freemasons; Knights Templar; Shriners; American Legion; Forty and Eight. Suffered a head injury in an automobile collision, and died the next day, in Hurley Hospital, Flint, Genesee County, Mich., May 24, 1948 (age 58 years, 55 days). Interment at Crystal Lake Cemetery, Minneapolis, Minn.
  Relatives: Married, September 15, 1917, to Ethel Mae McEachern.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Karl Frederick Grittner (b. 1922) — also known as Karl F. Grittner — of St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minn. Born in West St. Paul, Dakota County, Minn., November 22, 1922. Democrat. School teacher; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 39, 1953-58; member of Minnesota state senate, 1959-70 (39th District 1959-62, 46th District 1963-66, 43rd District 1967-70). Member, American Federation of Teachers. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Benjamin F. Grussendorf (b. 1942) — of Sitka, Alaska. Born in Minnesota, 1942. Democrat. School teacher; member of Alaska state house of representatives, 1981-; Speaker of the Alaska State House of Representatives, 1985-88, 1991-92. Presbyterian. Still living as of 1992.
  Edward Hagen (1875-1950) — also known as Eddy Hagen — of Milan, Chippewa County, Minn. Born in Big Bend Township, Chippewa County, Minn., March 21, 1875. School teacher; farmer; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 24, 1933-42; member of Minnesota state senate 24th District, 1943-50; died in office 1950. Norwegian ancestry. Died in Big Bend Township, Chippewa County, Minn., November 5, 1950 (age 75 years, 229 days). Interment at Big Bend Lutheran Church Cemetery, Milan, Minn.
  Relatives: Son of Nils Knutson Hagen and Kari (Einerson) Hagen; married to Ida Marie Thorson.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial — Minnesota Legislator record
Winfield S. Hammond Winfield Scott Hammond (1863-1915) — also known as Winfield S. Hammond — of St. James, Watonwan County, Minn. Born in Southborough, Worcester County, Mass., November 17, 1863. Democrat. School principal; superintendent of schools; lawyer; Watonwan County Attorney, 1895-96, 1901-04; U.S. Representative from Minnesota 2nd District, 1907-15; defeated, 1892; resigned 1915; speaker, Democratic National Convention, 1908 ; Governor of Minnesota, 1915; died in office 1915. Member, Sons of the American Revolution. Died, from apoplexy, in Clinton, East Feliciana Parish, La., December 30, 1915 (age 52 years, 43 days). Interment at Mt. Hope Cemetery, St. James, Minn.
  Presumably named for: Winfield Scott
  Relatives: Son of John W. Hammond and Ellen Panton (Harding) Hammond.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — National Governors Association biography — Wikipedia article
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
  Lyle W. Hanks (1930-2012) — of St. Louis Park, Hennepin County, Minn. Born in Elk River, Sherburne County, Minn., August 28, 1930. School teacher; athletic coach; mayor of St. Louis Park, Minn., 1982-96. Member, Freemasons; Scottish Rite Masons; Shriners. Died in Vero Beach, Indian River County, Fla., November 2, 2012 (age 82 years, 66 days). Burial location unknown.
A. L. Hanson Albert L. Hanson (1854-1938) — of Hillsboro, Traill County, Dakota Territory (now N.Dak.); Wahpeton, Richland County, N.Dak.; Ada, Norman County, Minn. Born in Allamakee County, Iowa, October 28, 1854. Republican. School teacher; farmer; banker; member of Minnesota state senate, 1907-18 (61st District 1907-14, 64th District 1915-18); delegate to Republican National Convention from Minnesota, 1912. Died July 23, 1938 (age 83 years, 268 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married 1893 to Anna Marie Trost.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
Joel P. Heatwole Joel Prescott Heatwole (1856-1910) — also known as Joel P. Heatwole — of Northfield, Rice County, Minn. Born in Waterford Mills, Elkhart County, Ind., August 22, 1856. Republican. School teacher; printer; newspaper editor and publisher; delegate to Republican National Convention from Minnesota, 1888; Minnesota Republican state chair, 1890; mayor of Northfield, Minn., 1894; U.S. Representative from Minnesota 3rd District, 1895-1903; defeated, 1892. Died in Northfield, Rice County, Minn., April 4, 1910 (age 53 years, 225 days). Interment at Oaklawn Cemetery, Northfield, Minn.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  Image source: Autobiographies and Portraits of the President, Cabinet, etc. (1899)
  Mark William Holsten (b. 1965) — of Stillwater, Washington County, Minn. Born September 6, 1965. School teacher; member of Minnesota state house of representatives, 1993-2003 (District 56-A 1993-2002, District 52-B 2003); Minnesota Commissioner of Natural Resources, 2007-11. Lutheran. Still living as of 2011.
  Relatives: Son of Roy W. Holsten.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Frank Hopkins (1877-1959) — of Fairfax, Renville County, Minn. Born in Cairo Township, Renville County, Minn., November 7, 1877. Republican. School teacher; lawyer; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 22, 1911-14; candidate for U.S. Representative from Minnesota 7th District, 1930. Died July 22, 1959 (age 81 years, 257 days). Interment at Fort Ridgely Cemetery, Nicollet County, Minn.
  Relatives: Married, October 19, 1905, to Estella Johanna Schramm.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial — Minnesota Legislator record
  Elizabeth Ireland (1881-1970) — of Havre, Hill County, Mont.; Helena, Lewis and Clark County, Mont.; Kalispell, Flathead County, Mont. Born in Alexandria, Douglas County, Minn., April 5, 1881. Republican. School teacher and principal; superintendent of schools; Montana superintendent of public instruction, 1929-37, 1941-49. Female. Presbyterian. Scottish ancestry. Member, Order of the Eastern Star; American Association of University Women. Died July 30, 1970 (age 89 years, 116 days). Interment at Parkers Prairie Cemetery, Parkers Prairie, Minn.
  Relatives: Daughter of Philip Scott Ireland and Margaret (Chrechton) Ireland.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Joel Jacobs (b. 1932) — of Coon Rapids, Anoka County, Minn. Born in Pelican Rapids, Otter Tail County, Minn., March 31, 1932. School teacher; member of Minnesota state house of representatives, 1973-95 (District 47-A 1973-82, District 49-B 1983-95). Catholic. Still living as of 1995.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Jacob N. Jacobson (1867-1942) — of Hills, Rock County, Minn. Born in Winneshiek County, Iowa, August 5, 1867. School teacher; merchant; banker; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 11, 1919-26; candidate for Minnesota state senate 11th District, 1930. Died in 1942 (age about 74 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married 1894 to Sigrid Stevens.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  C. A. Johnson (1893-1977) — also known as Gus Johnson; "Little Gus" — of Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn. Born in 1893. Served in the U.S. Army during World War I; school teacher; lawyer; Blue Earth County Attorney, 1930-38; candidate for Minnesota state senate 8th District, 1946, 1950; member of Minnesota state house of representatives, 1963-72 (District 11 1963-66, District 11-A 1967-72). Lutheran. Member, American Legion; Freemasons; Elks; Moose; Eagles. Died May 3, 1977 (age about 83 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married 1920 to Susie Mullenix; married 1931 to Bernice Schwanke; married 1941 to Anne Ehlman.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Henry A. Johnson (b. 1894) — of Hennepin County, Minn. Born in Willmar, Kandiyohi County, Minn., 1894. School principal; lawyer; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 29, 1927-32. Burial location unknown.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Hannah Jensen Kempfer (1880-1943) — of Erhard, Otter Tail County, Minn. Born December 22, 1880. School teacher; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 50, 1923-30, 1933-42. Female. Lutheran. Norwegian ancestry. Died in Fergus Falls, Otter Tail County, Minn., September 27, 1943 (age 62 years, 279 days). Interment at Tonseth Lutheran Church Cemetery, Erhard, Minn.
  Relatives: Adoptive daughter of Ole Jensen and Martha Jensen; married, May 23, 1903, to Charles Taylor Kempfer.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial — Minnesota Legislator record
  Tony Kielkucki (b. 1951) — of Lester Prairie, McLeod County, Minn.; Winsted, McLeod County, Minn. Born July 11, 1951. Republican. School teacher; member of Minnesota state house of representatives, 1997-2003 (District 20-B 1997-2002, District 18-A 2003); resigned 2003; Deputy Minnesota Secretary of State, 2003. Catholic. Still living as of 2003.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Coya Gjesdal Knutson (1912-1996) — also known as Coya Knutson; Cornelia Genevive Gjesdal — of Oklee, Red Lake County, Minn. Born in Edmore, Ramsey County, N.Dak., August 22, 1912. Democrat. School teacher; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 65, 1951-54; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 1952, 1956; U.S. Representative from Minnesota 9th District, 1955-59. Female. Died of kidney failure at nursing home in Edina, Hennepin County, Minn., October 10, 1996 (age 84 years, 49 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Daughter of Christian Gjesdal and Christine (Anderson) Gjesdal; married, March 21, 1940, to Andrew Knutson.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Minnesota Legislator record
Hugh Leonard Hugh Leonard (b. 1865) — of Millville, Wabasha County, Minn. Born in Wabasha County, Minn., 1865. Superintendent of schools; farmer; director and vice-president, Plainview Farmers; Mutual Fire Insurance Company; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 3, 1915-20. Burial location unknown.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
  John Lind (1854-1930) — of New Ulm, Brown County, Minn.; Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minn. Born in Kanna, Smaland, Sweden, March 25, 1854. School teacher; superintendent of schools; lawyer; U.S. Representative from Minnesota, 1887-93, 1903-05 (2nd District 1887-93, 5th District 1903-05); served in the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War; Governor of Minnesota, 1899-1901; defeated (Democratic), 1896, 1900; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 1904; Prohibition candidate for Minnesota railroad and warehouse commission, 1916. Unitarian. Swedish ancestry. Lost his left hand in a boyhood accident. Died in Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minn., September 18, 1930 (age 76 years, 177 days). Cremated; ashes interred at Lakewood Cemetery, Minneapolis, Minn.
  Relatives: Married, September 1, 1879, to Alice A. Shepard.
  The World War II Liberty ship SS John Lind (built 1943 at Richmond, California; scrapped 1972) was named for him.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — National Governors Association biography — Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Samuel Lord (1831-1880) — also known as Sam Lord — of Marion Township, Olmsted County, Minn.; Mantorville, Dodge County, Minn. Born in Meadville, Crawford County, Pa., July 26, 1831. Republican. Lawyer; surveyor; school teacher; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 8, 1857-58; member of Minnesota state senate 15th District, 1866-67, 1870-71; district judge in Minnesota 5th District, 1872-80. Died February 12, 1880 (age 48 years, 201 days). Interment at Evergreen Cemetery, Mantorville, Minn.
  Relatives: Son of Enoch W. Lord and Eleanor (Warren) Lord; married to Louisa Maria Compton; father of Samuel Lord (1859-1925); first cousin four times removed of Matthew Griswold (1714-1799); second cousin thrice removed of James Hillhouse and Roger Griswold; third cousin twice removed of Henry Titus Backus; fourth cousin once removed of Thomas Hale Sill, Frederick William Lord, John William Allen, Theodore Sill, Matthew Griswold (1833-1919) and Charles Newhall Taintor.
  Political family: Kellogg-Adams-Seymour-Chapin family of Connecticut and New York (subset of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial — Minnesota Legislator record
Frank O. Lowden Frank Orren Lowden (1861-1943) — also known as Frank O. Lowden — of Chicago, Cook County, Ill.; Oregon, Ogle County, Ill. Born in Sunrise, Chisago County, Minn., January 26, 1861. Republican. School teacher; lawyer; law professor; director, National Bank of the Republic; delegate to Republican National Convention from Illinois, 1900, 1904; member of Republican National Committee from Illinois, 1904-12; U.S. Representative from Illinois 13th District, 1906-11; Governor of Illinois, 1917-21; candidate for Republican nomination for President, 1920, 1928. Member, American Bar Association. Died, from rectal cancer, in El Conquistador Hotel, Tucson, Pima County, Ariz., March 20, 1943 (age 82 years, 53 days). Interment at Graceland Cemetery, Chicago, Ill.
  Relatives: Son of Lorenzo Orren Lowden and Nancy Elizabeth (Breg) Lowden; married, April 29, 1896, to Florence Pullman (daughter of George M. Pullman).
  Cross-reference: Thomas P. Moffat
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — National Governors Association biography — Wikipedia article — NNDB dossier — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Image source: Time magazine, October 15, 1923
  Evelyn Silliman Malone (1905-1981) — also known as Evelyn Malone; Evelyn I. Silliman; Mrs. M. W. Malone — of Windom, Cottonwood County, Minn. Born in Windom, Cottonwood County, Minn., December 25, 1905. Democrat. School teacher; librarian; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 1948, 1952 (alternate), 1960; Minnesota Democratic-Farmer-Labor state chair, 1960-62. Female. Methodist. Member, American Association of University Women; Order of the Eastern Star; Daughters of the American Revolution. Struck by a car while walking in Sun City, Arizona, and died soon after, in a hospital at Phoenix, Maricopa County, Ariz., February 18, 1981 (age 75 years, 55 days). Interment at Lakeview Cemetery, Windom, Minn.
  Relatives: Daughter of William LeRoy Silliman and Lottie (Pletz) Silliman; married, January 12, 1943, to Maurice William 'Pat' Malone; married, June 7, 1975, to John O. Burton.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
John H. E. McAndrews John Henry Eugene McAndrews (1884-1970) — also known as John H. E. McAndrews — of Owatonna, Steele County, Minn. Born in Owatonna, Steele County, Minn., July 1, 1884. School teacher; U.S. Vice Consul in Cork, 1918-21; Frankfort, 1921-22; Bucharest, 1922-30; Nassau, 1939-45. Catholic. Died in Owatonna, Steele County, Minn., November 11, 1970 (age 86 years, 133 days). Interment at Sacred Heart Cemetery, Owatonna, Minn.
  Relatives: Son of Michael Angelo McAndrew and Mary Ann (Hand) McAndrew; married, August 19, 1918, to Rosa G. Kennedy.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Image source: U.S. passport application (1921)
  Eugene Joseph McCarthy (1916-2005) — also known as Eugene J. McCarthy; "Clean Gene" — of St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minn. Born in Watkins, Meeker County, Minn., March 29, 1916. Democrat. School teacher; university professor; U.S. Representative from Minnesota 4th District, 1949-59; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 1952 (alternate), 1960, 1964; U.S. Senator from Minnesota, 1959-71; candidate for Democratic nomination for President, 1968, 1972, 1992; candidate for President of the United States, 1968, 1976 (Independent). Catholic. Irish and German ancestry. Member, Americans for Democratic Action; Phi Kappa Theta. Died, from complications of Parkinson's disease, in the Georgetown Retirement Residence, Washington, D.C., December 10, 2005 (age 89 years, 256 days). Interment at St. Paul's Episcopal Churchyard, Woodville, Va.
  Relatives: Son of Michael J. McCarthy and Anna (Baden) McCarthy; married 1945 to Abigail Quigley.
  Cross-reference: Gerry E. Studds — Thomas A. Hutto
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — NNDB dossier — Internet Movie Database profile — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Books by Eugene J. McCarthy: Up 'Til Now : A Memoir of the Decline of American Politics (1987)
  Books about Eugene J. McCarthy: Dominick Sandbrook, Eugene McCarthy : The Rise and Fall of Postwar American Liberalism
James T. McCleary James Thompson McCleary (1853-1924) — also known as James T. McCleary — of Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn.; Maiden Rock, Pierce County, Wis. Born in Ingersoll, Ontario, February 5, 1853. Republican. School teacher; superintendent of schools; college professor; U.S. Representative from Minnesota 2nd District, 1893-1907; defeated, 1906. Died in La Crosse, La Crosse County, Wis., December 17, 1924 (age 71 years, 316 days). Interment at Lakewood Cemetery, Maiden Rock, Wis.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Image source: American Monthly Review of Reviews, September 1908
  John Henry McKee (b. 1909) — also known as John H. McKee — of Bemidji, Beltrami County, Minn. Born in Bemidji, Beltrami County, Minn., November 10, 1909. School teacher; funeral director; motel owner; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 62, 1951-54; member of Minnesota state senate, 1955-66 (62nd District 1955-62, 64th District 1963-66). Presbyterian. Member, Sigma Alpha Epsilon; Rotary; Elks; Freemasons. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Henry N. McKee and Christine (Strom) McKee; married, September 4, 1934, to Norma Babcock.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
J. H. McNiven James H. McNiven (b. 1878) — of Chisholm, St. Louis County, Minn. Born in Wentworth County, Ontario, December 10, 1878. School teacher; real estate business; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 60, 1917-18. Member, Freemasons. Burial location unknown.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
  John A. Metcalf — of Shakopee, Scott County, Minn. Automobile dealer; superintendent of schools; member of Minnesota state senate, 1955-62, 1967-72 (21st District 1955-62, 14th District 1967-72). Burial location unknown.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Roger D. Moe (b. 1944) — of Ada, Norman County, Minn.; Erskine, Polk County, Minn. Born in Crookston, Polk County, Minn., June 2, 1944. Democrat. School teacher; member of Minnesota state senate, 1971-2002 (66th District 1971-72, 2nd District 1973-2002); delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 1984 (alternate), 1996, 2000; Democratic-Farmer-Labor candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota, 1998; Democratic-Farmer-Labor candidate for Governor of Minnesota, 2002. Lutheran. Still living as of 2007.
  Relatives: Brother of Donald M. Moe.
  See also Wikipedia article — Internet Movie Database profile — Minnesota Legislator record
  Joseph J. Moriarity (1884-1963) — of Belle Plaine, Scott County, Minn. Born in Belle Plaine, Scott County, Minn., March 23, 1884. Democrat. School teacher; lawyer; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 26, 1911-12; candidate for U.S. Representative from Minnesota 3rd District, 1930; candidate for Governor of Minnesota, 1934. Irish ancestry. Died, in St. Joseph's Hospital, St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minn., February 2, 1963 (age 78 years, 316 days). Interment at Shakopee Catholic Cemetery, Shakopee, Minn.
  Relatives: Son of Michael Moriarity and Catherine (Daly) Moriarity; married, June 30, 1911, to Margaret Henrietta McGuire.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial — OurCampaigns candidate detail — Minnesota Legislator record
  Patrick W. Morrison (1866-1935) — of Norwood (now part of Norwood Young America), Carver County, Minn. Born in Sibley County, Minn., March 12, 1866. School teacher; lawyer; Carver County Attorney, 1894-1902; district judge in Minnesota 8th District, 1904-17; member of Minnesota state senate 21st District, 1931-35; died in office 1935. Died in Norwood (now part of Norwood Young America), Carver County, Minn., August 12, 1935 (age 69 years, 153 days). Burial location unknown.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Mary Catherine Murphy — also known as Mary Murphy — of Duluth, St. Louis County, Minn.; Hermantown, St. Louis County, Minn. Born in Duluth, St. Louis County, Minn. Democrat. School teacher; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 1964 (alternate), 1984; member of Minnesota state house of representatives, 1977-2018 (District 14-B 1977-82, District 8-A 1983-2002, District 6-B 2003-12, District 3-B 2013-18). Female. Still living as of 2018.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Laura Emelia Naplin (1893-1985) — also known as Laura E. Naplin; Laura Emelia Johnson — of Thief River Falls, Pennington County, Minn. Born in Brookings, Brookings County, S.Dak., February 14, 1893. School teacher; member of Minnesota state senate 65th District, 1927-34. Female. Norwegian ancestry. Died in Oakland, Alameda County, Calif., 1985 (age about 92 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, July 29, 1919, to Oscar Albert Naplin.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
Martin W. Odland Martin W. Odland (b. 1875) — of Fergus Falls, Otter Tail County, Minn. Born in Clay County, S.Dak., 1875. School teacher and principal; newspaper editor; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 50, 1917-18. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married 1905 to Anne M. Nassett.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
  Patrick H. O'Keefe (1870-1924) — of South St. Paul, Dakota County, Minn. Born in Welch, Goodhue County, Minn., March 15, 1870. Democrat. School teacher; lawyer; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 1912; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 20, 1921-22. Died in 1924 (age about 54 years). Burial location unknown.
  See also Minnesota Legislator record
  Charles A. Peterson (b. 1884) — of Rosendale, Fond du Lac County, Wis. Born in Harris, Chisago County, Minn., April 12, 1884. Republican. Farmer; school teacher; member of Wisconsin state assembly from Fond du Lac County 2nd District; elected 1948, 1950; elected unopposed 1952. Member, Farm Bureau. Burial location unknown.
Edward P. Peterson Edward P. Peterson (b. 1855) — of Litchfield, Meeker County, Minn. Born in Goodhue County, Minn., 1855. Farmer; school teacher; newspaper editor; lawyer; banker; member of Minnesota state senate, 1911-18, 1923-26 (23rd District 1911-14, 26th District 1915-18, 1923-26). Burial location unknown.
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
  Elias S. Pettijohn (b. 1848) — of St. Peter, Nicollet County, Minn. Born in Pottsville, Union County, Ill., February 1, 1848. Superintendent of schools; Nicollet County Auditor; Minnesota state treasurer, 1910-11. Burial location unknown.
H. A. Putnam H. A. Putnam (b. 1865) — of Otter Tail County, Minn. Born in Sherburne County, Minn., 1865. School teacher; farmer; member of Minnesota state house of representatives, 1909-22 (District 59 1909-14, District 50 1915-22). Burial location unknown.
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
  Walter Henry Sanborn (1845-1928) — of St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minn. Born in Epsom, Merrimack County, N.H., October 19, 1845. School principal; lawyer; Judge of U.S. Circuit Court for the 8th Circuit, 1892-1911; Judge of U.S. Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit, 1892-1928; died in office 1928. Member, Union League; Sons of the American Revolution. Died, in the Angus Hotel, St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minn., May 10, 1928 (age 82 years, 204 days). Interment at Oakland Cemetery, St. Paul, Minn.
  Relatives: Son of Henry F. Sanborn and Eunice (Davis) Sanborn; married, November 10, 1874, to Emily F. Bruce; nephew of John Benjamin Sanborn; first cousin of John Benjamin Sanborn Jr..
  Political family: Sanborn family of St. Paul, Minnesota.
  See also federal judicial profile — Wikipedia article — Biographical Directory of Federal Judges
  Mae Schunk — of Minnesota. School teacher; Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota, 1999-. Female. Still living as of 2000.
  Conrad George Selvig (1877-1953) — also known as Conrad G. Selvig; C. G. Selvig — of Crookston, Polk County, Minn. Born in Rushford, Fillmore County, Minn., October 11, 1877. Republican. Served in the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War; school teacher; superintendent of schools; director, agricultural experiment station for University of Minnesota; U.S. Representative from Minnesota 9th District, 1927-33; defeated, 1932. Died August 2, 1953 (age 75 years, 295 days). Interment at Oakdale Cemetery, Crookston, Minn.
  Relatives: Married 1903 to Marion F. Wilcox.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Find-A-Grave memorial
John J. Sliter John J. Sliter (b. 1873) — of Houston, Houston County, Minn. Born near Spring Green, Sauk County, Wis., 1873. School teacher; farmer; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 1, 1915-18. Burial location unknown.
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
  Sam Solon (1931-2001) — also known as "Senator Sam" — of Duluth, St. Louis County, Minn. Born in Duluth, St. Louis County, Minn., June 25, 1931. Democrat. School teacher; member of Minnesota state house of representatives, 1971-72; member of Minnesota state senate, 1973-2001; died in office 2001. Eastern Orthodox. Greek ancestry. Pleaded guilty in 1995 to telecommunications fraud for letting his ex-wife make $2,430 in calls on his State Senate telephone line; reprimanded by the Senate in 1996. Died, of liver cancer, in St. Mary's Medical Center, Duluth, St. Louis County, Minn., December 28, 2001 (age 70 years, 186 days). Burial location unknown.
  The Solon Campus Center (built 1995, named 2001), at the University of Minnesota Duluth, is named for him.
John D. Sullivan John D. Sullivan (b. 1862) — of St. Cloud, Stearns County, Minn. Born in Peterborough, Ontario, November 25, 1862. School teacher; lawyer; Stearns County Attorney; member of Minnesota state senate, 1911-28 (47th District 1911-14, 45th District 1915-28). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married 1886 to Elizabeth M. Schmidt.
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
John E. Swanger John Ephraim Swanger (1864-1936) — also known as John E. Swanger — of Milan, Sullivan County, Mo. Born in Milan, Sullivan County, Mo., June 22, 1864. Republican. School teacher; superintendent of schools; lawyer; member of Missouri state house of representatives from Sullivan County, 1893-96; delegate to Republican National Convention from Missouri, 1896; secretary of state of Missouri, 1905-09. Died in Rochester, Olmsted County, Minn., October 19, 1936 (age 72 years, 119 days). Interment at Oakwood Cemetery, Milan, Mo.
  Relatives: Son of Jefferson Swanger and Sarah Ann (Camp) Swanger; married to Norma Fay Eubanks.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Image source: Missouri Official Manual 1907
  Lauritz Selmer Swenson (1865-1947) — also known as Lauritz S. Swenson — of Albert Lea, Freeborn County, Minn.; Minneapolis, Hennepin County, Minn. Born in New Sweden, Nicollet County, Minn., June 12, 1865. Republican. School principal; delegate to Republican National Convention from Minnesota, 1896 (member, Committee on Permanent Organization), 1908 (alternate); U.S. Minister to Denmark, 1897-1905, resigned 1905; Switzerland, 1910-11; Norway, 1911-13, 1921-30; Netherlands, 1931-34. Lutheran. Died, of heart disease, in a hospital at Oslo, Norway, November 3, 1947 (age 82 years, 144 days). Interment at Norseland Lutheran Cemetery, Lake Prairie Township, Nicollet County, Minn.
  Relatives: Son of Swen Swenson; brother of Carl Ludvig Swenson and Oscar Adolph Swenson; nephew of Lars Swenson.
  Political family: Swenson family of Minnesota.
  See also U.S. State Dept career summary
  Henry Oscar Talle (1892-1969) — also known as Henry O. Talle — of Decorah, Winneshiek County, Iowa. Born near Albert Lea, Freeborn County, Minn., January 12, 1892. Republican. Served in the U.S. Navy during World War I; school teacher; superintendent of schools; college professor; U.S. Representative from Iowa, 1939-59 (4th District 1939-43, 2nd District 1943-59); defeated, 1936 (4th District), 1958 (2nd District). Lutheran. Member, American Legion; Veterans of Foreign Wars. Died in Washington, D.C., March 14, 1969 (age 77 years, 61 days). Interment at Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.
  Relatives: Son of John Talle and Anna (Ovri) Talle; married 1920 to Edith Margaret Huset.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  Arthur Edwin Thompson (b. 1891) — also known as Arthur E. Thompson — of Washburn, McLean County, N.Dak.; Moorhead, Clay County, Minn. Born September 19, 1891. Served in the U.S. Army during World War I; school principal; superintendent of schools; North Dakota superintendent of public instruction, 1933-46; Independent candidate for U.S. Senator from North Dakota, 1946. Lutheran. Member, Veterans of Foreign Wars; American Legion. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Asiak Thompson and Inger (Bergstad) Thompson; married, July 2, 1921, to Emma Siverson.
Carl C. Van_Dyke Carl Chester Van Dyke (1881-1919) — also known as Carl C. Van Dyke — of St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minn. Born in Alexandria, Douglas County, Minn., February 18, 1881. Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War; school teacher; railway mail clerk; U.S. Representative from Minnesota 4th District, 1915-19; died in office 1919. Episcopalian. Member, United Spanish War Veterans. Died in Washington, D.C., May 20, 1919 (age 38 years, 91 days). Entombed in mausoleum at Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Maplewood, Minn.
  Relatives: Son of Chester B. Van Dyke and Bertha (Solum) Van Dyke; married to Myrtle Lampman.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
  Harry L. Wahlstrand (b. 1890) — of Willmar, Kandiyohi County, Minn. Born in Kandiyohi County, Minn., 1890. Served in the U.S. Army during World War I; school teacher; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 25, 1930; member of Minnesota state senate 25th District, 1939-60. Burial location unknown.
  Timothy James Walz (b. 1964) — also known as Tim Walz — of Mankato, Blue Earth County, Minn. Born in West Point, Cuming County, Neb., April 6, 1964. Democrat. School teacher; U.S. Representative from Minnesota 1st District, 2007-; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Minnesota, 2008. Still living as of 2018.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — NNDB dossier
Charles H. Warner Charles H. Warner (b. 1866) — of Aitkin, Aitkin County, Minn. Born in Indiana, August, 1866. Republican. School teacher; newspaper publisher; real estate business; secretary of Minnesota Republican Party, 1904; superintendent, Minnesota state immigration department, 1905-06; member of Minnesota state house of representatives, 1911-22 (District 52 1911-14, District 54 1915-22); delegate to Republican National Convention from Minnesota, 1920. Burial location unknown.
  Image source: Minnesota Legislative Manual 1917
  Gebhard Willrich (1853-1925) — of St. Louis, Mo.; St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minn. Born in Gilten, Lower Saxony (now Germany), May 27, 1853. Republican. Naturalized U.S. citizen; school teacher; lawyer; member of Minnesota state house of representatives District 27, 1889-90; probate judge in Minnesota, 1895-99; U.S. Consul in Saint John, 1905-09; Quebec City, 1909-17; St. Gall, 1924. Died December 1, 1925 (age 72 years, 188 days). Burial location unknown.
  John Matthew Zwach (1907-1990) — also known as John M. Zwach — of Walnut Grove, Redwood County, Minn. Born in Gales Township, Redwood County, Minn., February 8, 1907. Republican. School teacher; superintendent of schools; member of Minnesota state house of representatives, 1935-46; member of Minnesota state senate 14th District, 1947-65; U.S. Representative from Minnesota 6th District, 1967-75; delegate to Republican National Convention from Minnesota, 1968. Died November 11, 1990 (age 83 years, 276 days). Interment at St. Michael's Cemetery, Milroy, Minn.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Find-A-Grave memorial
"Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of a political graveyard."
Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872
The Political Graveyard

The Political Graveyard is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 320,919 politicians, living and dead.
 
  The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President, members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; and the chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifying municipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, for any of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellate judges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet, diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys, collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of major federal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmasters of qualifying communities; (5) state and national political party officials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and other participants in national party nominating conventions; (6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nations before 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify", for Political Graveyard purposes, if they have at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive of predecessor, successor, and merged entities.  
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Copyright notices: (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; see Feist v. Rural Telephone. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this site are 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe to constitute fair use under applicable copyright law. Where possible, each image is linked to its online source. However, requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from this site are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection and arrangement are © 1996-2023 Lawrence Kestenbaum. (4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under a Creative Commons License.
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