PoliticalGraveyard.com
The Political Graveyard: A Database of American History
Freemasons
Politician members in Michigan, T-V

  Leo Taube (b. 1861) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Stettin, East Prussia (now Szczecin, Poland), September 6, 1861. Republican. Member of Michigan state house of representatives, 1917-18. German ancestry. Member, Freemasons. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, February 21, 1884, to Augusta Marie Younke.
  Albert William Tausend (b. 1873) — also known as Albert W. Tausend — of Michigan. Born in Saginaw, Saginaw County, Mich., August 9, 1873. Mayor of Saginaw, Mich., 1912-13, 1923-27; Saginaw County Treasurer, 1934. German ancestry. Member, Freemasons; Elks; Maccabees; Royal Arcanum. Burial location unknown.
  Walter Ross Taylor (born c.1858) — also known as Walter R. Taylor — of Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo County, Mich. Born near Grand Rapids, Kent County, Mich., about 1858. Republican. Lawyer; mayor of Kalamazoo, Mich., 1905; delegate to Michigan state constitutional convention 9th District, 1907-08; member of Michigan state senate 6th District, 1909-12, 1915-16; candidate for Presidential Elector for Michigan. Member, Freemasons; Odd Fellows; Knights of Pythias; Elks. Burial location unknown.
  James M. Teahen Jr. (1916-1997) — of Owosso, Shiawassee County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., November 7, 1916. Republican. Lawyer; member of Michigan state senate 15th District, 1951-54. Episcopalian. Member, Freemasons; American Bar Association. Died June 1, 1997 (age 80 years, 206 days). Burial location unknown.
  Laureston O. Telfer (b. 1893) — also known as Laurie O. Telfer — of Port Huron, St. Clair County, Mich. Born in Sarnia, Ontario, November 20, 1893. Republican. Served in the U.S. Army during World War I; lawyer; St. Clair County Circuit Court Commissioner, 1922-30; St. Clair County Prosecuting Attorney, 1930-34; circuit judge in Michigan 31st Circuit, 1939-40; defeated, 1940. Member, Kiwanis; Knights of Pythias; Elks; Freemasons; Shriners; American Legion; Phi Alpha Delta. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Arthur B. Telfer and Mary (Cowen) Telfer; married 1920 to Erma E. Hueber.
  William Crosley Tennant (1850-1896) — also known as William C. Tennant — of Mt. Clemens, Macomb County, Mich. Born in Mt. Pleasant, Ontario, May 9, 1850. Physician; mayor of Mt. Clemens, Mich., 1892-94. Episcopalian. Member, Freemasons. Died in Mt. Clemens, Macomb County, Mich., May 11, 1896 (age 46 years, 2 days). Interment at Clinton Grove Cemetery, Clinton Township, Macomb County, Mich.
  Relatives: Married to Ada Mabelle Van Eps (daughter of John E. Van Eps).
  Political family: VanEps family of Mt. Clemens and Clinton Township, Michigan.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Jay M. Terbush Jr. (b. 1924) — of Owosso, Shiawassee County, Mich. Born in Owosso, Shiawassee County, Mich., December 25, 1924. Republican. Served in the U.S. Army during World War II; lawyer; Shiawassee County Prosecuting Attorney; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Shiawassee District, 1959-62. Episcopalian. Member, American Legion; Freemasons; Elks; Eagles. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, January 6, 1952, to Geraldine Porterfield.
  Stanley G. Thayer (b. 1923) — of Ann Arbor, Washtenaw County, Mich. Born in East Grand Rapids, Kent County, Mich., August 16, 1923. Republican. Served in the U.S. Army during World War II; lawyer; member of Michigan state senate 33rd District, 1961-64; alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1964; candidate for U.S. Representative from Michigan 2nd District, 1964; candidate for circuit judge in Michigan 22nd Circuit, 1966. Member, American Bar Association; Freemasons; Moose; NAACP; Phi Sigma Kappa. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown.
  Walter Joseph Thomas (1868-1943) — also known as Walter J. Thomas — of Constantine, St. Joseph County, Mich. Born in Schoolcraft, Kalamazoo County, Mich., February 11, 1868. Republican. Grain elevator business; flour mill owner; member of Michigan state house of representatives from St. Joseph County, 1923-28; defeated in primary, 1928. Congregationalist. Member, Modern Woodmen of America; Knights of Pythias; Freemasons. Died in 1943 (age about 75 years). Burial location unknown.
  James Francis Thomson (1891-1973) — also known as James F. Thomson — of Jackson, Jackson County, Mich. Born in Jackson County, Mich., November 19, 1891. Republican. Farmer; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Jackson County 2nd District, 1929-30; defeated in primary, 1924, 1932; Michigan Republican state chair, 1936-39; chair of Jackson County Republican Party, 1939-41, 1950; candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Michigan, 1940; Jackson County Treasurer, 1943-62; delegate to Michigan state constitutional convention from Jackson County 2nd District, 1961-62. Methodist. Member, Kiwanis; Lions; Grange; Freemasons; Odd Fellows. Died in Tompkins Township, Jackson County, Mich., April 21, 1973 (age 81 years, 153 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of James C. Thomson and Mary (Dack) Thomson; married to Florence Elvira Sanford.
  Richard L. Thomson (1903-1969) — of Highland Park, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., March 20, 1903. Republican. Insurance business; served in the U.S. Army Air Force in World War II; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Wayne County 2nd District, 1947-54; defeated, 1954, 1956; candidate for delegate to Michigan state constitutional convention from Wayne County 15th District, 1961. Episcopalian. Member, Rotary; American Legion; Freemasons. Died in 1969 (age about 66 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Albert R. Thomson and Ethel (Farrell) Thomson.
  William Harry Thorne (1902-1966) — also known as William H. Thorne — of Dearborn Heights, Wayne County, Mich. Born in London, Ontario, March 4, 1902. Democrat. Member of Michigan state house of representatives, 1959-66 (Wayne County 19th District 1959-64, 32nd District 1965-66); defeated in primary, 1966; died in office 1966. Baptist. Member, Freemasons; Rotary; Elks. Died in 1966 (age about 64 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married 1923 to Dora E. Grantham.
  Albion B. Titus (b. 1886) — of Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo County, Mich. Born in Hartford, Van Buren County, Mich., September 16, 1886. Republican. Lawyer; Kalamazoo County Circuit Court Commissioner; municipal judge in Michigan, 1916; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Kalamazoo County 1st District, 1921-24; defeated in primary, 1924. Member, Freemasons; Royal Arch Masons; Elks; Moose. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Lincoln H. Titus.
  Calvin Jay Town (1875-1942) — also known as C. Jay Town — of Parma, Jackson County, Mich.; North Adams, Hillsdale County, Mich. Born in Liberty Township, Jackson County, Mich., June 29, 1875. Republican. Methodist minister; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Jackson County 2nd District, 1919-24, 1927-28; defeated in primary, 1928; member of Michigan state senate 10th District, 1933-42; defeated in primary, 1924, 1930; died in office 1942. Methodist. English ancestry. Member, Grange; Freemasons; Order of the Eastern Star; Odd Fellows; Modern Woodmen; Gleaners. Died January 7, 1942 (age 66 years, 192 days). Interment at Pope Cemetery, Springport, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of James D. Town and Esther (Houghtaling) Town; married, October 19, 1898, to Rena C. Perrine; married to Nina Ives.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Floyd E. Town (1876-1949) — of Liberty Township, Jackson County, Mich. Born in Liberty Township, Jackson County, Mich., August 4, 1876. Republican. Farmer; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Jackson County 2nd District, 1931-32, 1935-36, 1939-49; defeated, 1932, 1936; died in office 1949. Methodist. Member, Freemasons. Died August 18, 1949 (age 73 years, 14 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Wilbur W. Town and Rose (Houghtalin) Town; married 1896 to Ida L. Kimmel.
  Roger B. Townsend (1912-1987) — of Flint, Genesee County, Mich. Born in Cleveland County, Ark., March 29, 1912. Democrat. Bridge crane operator for Buick Motor Car Company; recording secretary of United Auto Workers Local 599; real estate broker; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Genesee County 1st District, 1953-64; defeated in primary, 1964 (82nd District), 1966 (80th District), 1968 (80th District), 1970 (80th District), 1972 (80th District). African ancestry. Member, United Auto Workers; Elks; Urban League; NAACP; Freemasons. Died in Flint, Genesee County, Mich., January 18, 1987 (age 74 years, 295 days). Burial location unknown.
  Frank A. Towsley (1858-1919) — of Midland, Midland County, Mich. Born in Galesburg, Kalamazoo County, Mich., April 11, 1858. Republican. Physician; candidate for mayor of Midland, Mich., 1908 (Republican primary), 1910 (Independent), 1913 (Republican primary), 1914 (Republican primary). Unitarian. Member, Freemasons; Knights Templar. Died, from myocarditis, in the Sanitarium, Battle Creek, Calhoun County, Mich., July 23, 1919 (age 61 years, 103 days). Interment at Midland Cemetery, Midland, Mich.
  Relatives: Married, June 26, 1888, to Harriet Sias.
  Harry S. Toy (b. 1892) — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Elkhorn, McDowell County, W.Va., January 12, 1892. Republican. Lawyer; served in the U.S. Army during World War I; Wayne County Prosecuting Attorney, 1931-34; Michigan state attorney general, 1935; justice of Michigan state supreme court, 1935-36; appointed 1935; defeated, 1936; candidate for Governor of Michigan, 1938; delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1948. German and Welsh ancestry. Member, Freemasons; Shriners; Izaak Walton League; American Legion. Burial location unknown.
  Harold D. Tripp (1894-1969) — also known as H. D. Tripp — of Allegan, Allegan County, Mich. Born in Cedar Springs, Kent County, Mich., May 27, 1894. Republican. Druggist; member of Michigan state senate 8th District, 1943-50; alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1944. Congregationalist. Member, Freemasons; Rotary. Died in 1969 (age about 75 years). Interment somewhere in Allegan, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Burrell Tripp and Anna (Jennings) Tripp; married 1917 to Ellen M. Sequist.
  James A. Trotter (1852-1928) — of Vassar, Tuscola County, Mich.; Glendale, Los Angeles County, Calif. Born in Schoharie County, N.Y., March, 1852. Republican. Newspaper publisher; Vassar village Clerk, 1877-80;; alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1892; member of Michigan Republican State Central Committee, 1899; postmaster of Vassar, Mich., 1902. Scottish ancestry. Member, Freemasons. Died in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, Calif., 1928 (age about 76 years). Cremated; ashes interred at Riverside Cemetery, Vassar, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Rev. Alexander Trotter and Phebe (Day) Trotter; married, October 3, 1877, to Mary A. 'Mamie' Meehan.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Kenneth O. Trucks (1904-1983) — of Baldwin, Lake County, Mich. Born in Scottville, Mason County, Mich., 1904. Republican. Druggist; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Mason District, 1951-56; defeated in primary, 1956; candidate for delegate to Michigan state constitutional convention from Mason District, 1961. Member, Freemasons; Shriners; Elks; Veterans of Foreign Wars; American Legion; Rotary. Died in 1983 (age about 79 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married 1943 to Mary R. Pattie.
  Walter F. Truettner (1881-1967) — of Bessemer, Gogebic County, Mich. Born in Dundas, Calumet County, Wis., July 24, 1881. Republican. Banker; member of Michigan state senate 31st District, 1923-28; member of Michigan Republican State Central Committee, 1927. Member, Freemasons. Died in 1967 (age about 85 years). Burial location unknown.
  James Turner (1878-1947) — of Grosse Pointe Farms, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Lansing, Ingham County, Mich., July 18, 1878. Republican. Lawyer; major in the U.S. Army during World War I; member of Michigan Republican State Central Committee, 1920. Member, American Bar Association; Freemasons. Died August 15, 1947 (age 69 years, 28 days). Interment at Elmwood Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of James Munroe Turner and Sophie Porter (Scott) Turner; married, October 30, 1902, to Pamela Waterman Tappey; nephew of Abigail Rogers 'Abby' Turner (who married Franklin Luke Dodge); grandson of James Madison Turner; second cousin thrice removed of Marcus Morton (1784-1864); third cousin twice removed of Daniel Oliver Morton, Marcus Morton (1819-1891) and Levi Parsons Morton; fourth cousin once removed of George Watson French.
  Political family: Morton family (subset of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Raymond Turner (b. 1884) — also known as Ray Turner — of Norway, Dickinson County, Mich.; Iron Mountain, Dickinson County, Mich. Born in Vulcan, Dickinson County, Mich., July 30, 1884. Republican. Lawyer; Dickinson County Prosecuting Attorney, 1914-17; served in the U.S. Army during World War I; alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Michigan, 1932. Member, American Bar Association; Freemasons; Elks; Odd Fellows; Rotary. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of William J. Turner and Elizabeth (Howard) Turner; married 1919 to Esther Junell.
  Arthur J. Tuttle (1868-1944) — of Leslie, Ingham County, Mich.; Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Leslie Township, Ingham County, Mich., November 8, 1868. Republican. Lawyer; Ingham County Prosecuting Attorney, 1899-1902; member of Michigan state senate 14th District, 1907-10; U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Michigan, 1911-12; U.S. District Judge for the Eastern District of Michigan, 1912-44; died in office 1944; candidate for U.S. Senator from Michigan, 1924; president, Peoples Bank of Leslie; director, Leslie Home Telephone Co. Member, Freemasons; Odd Fellows; Knights of Pythias; Knights of Khorassan; Elks; Eagles; Moose; Maccabees; Woodmen; Phi Beta Kappa; Sigma Alpha Epsilon; Sons of the American Revolution. Died December 2, 1944 (age 76 years, 24 days). Interment at Woodlawn Cemetery, Leslie, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Ogden Valorous Tuttle and Julia Elizabeth (McArthur) Tuttle; married, March 11, 1903, to Jessie B. Stewart.
  See also federal judicial profile — Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Sanford Martin Tweedie (1900-1973) — also known as S. Martin Tweedie — of Sandusky, Sanilac County, Mich. Born in Sandusky, Sanilac County, Mich., June 27, 1900. Republican. Served in the U.S. Army during World War I; physician; chair of Sanilac County Republican Party, 1950. Presbyterian. Member, American Medical Association; American Legion; Freemasons; Rotary. Died in Ann Arbor, Washtenaw County, Mich., September 4, 1973 (age 73 years, 69 days). Interment at Greenwood Cemetery, Sandusky, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of George Sanford Tweedie and Winnifred Tweedie; married, March 15, 1924, to Aleen Gladys Jones; father of Sanford Martin Tweedie III.
  Political family: Tweedie family of Sandusky, Michigan.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Arthur Hendrick Vandenberg (1884-1951) — also known as Arthur H. Vandenberg — of Grand Rapids, Kent County, Mich. Born in Grand Rapids, Kent County, Mich., March 22, 1884. Republican. Newspaper editor and publisher; member of Michigan Republican State Central Committee, 1911, 1912-18; U.S. Senator from Michigan, 1928-51; appointed 1928; died in office 1951; candidate for Republican nomination for President, 1940. Congregationalist. Member, Freemasons; Elks; Woodmen. Died in Grand Rapids, Kent County, Mich., April 18, 1951 (age 67 years, 27 days). Interment at Oak Hill Cemetery, Grand Rapids, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Aaron Vandenberg and Alpha (Hendrick) Vandenberg; married to Hazel H. Whitaker.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — NNDB dossier — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Guy Adrian Vander Jagt (1931-2007) — also known as Guy Vander Jagt — of Cadillac, Wexford County, Mich.; Luther, Lake County, Mich. Born in Cadillac, Wexford County, Mich., August 26, 1931. Republican. Journalist; news director, WWTV, Cadillac, Mich.; lawyer; member of Michigan state senate 36th District, 1965-66; resigned 1966; U.S. Representative from Michigan 9th District, 1966-93; defeated in primary, 1992. Presbyterian. Dutch ancestry. Member, Rotary; Freemasons. Died, of pancreatic cancer, in Washington, D.C., June 22, 2007 (age 75 years, 300 days). Interment at Maple Hill Cemetery, Cadillac, Mich.
  Relatives: Married to Carol VanderJagt.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — NNDB dossier — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Don VanderWerp (1885-1971) — of Fremont, Newaygo County, Mich. Born in Grand Rapids, Kent County, Mich., September 14, 1885. Republican. Newspaper editor and publisher; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Newaygo District, 1933-34, 1961-64; member of Michigan state senate 26th District, 1935-56; defeated in primary, 1956, 1958. Methodist. Dutch ancestry. Member, Freemasons; Shriners; Grange; Farm Bureau. Died June 24, 1971 (age 85 years, 283 days). Interment at Maple Grove Cemetery, Fremont, Mich.
  Relatives: Married 1930 to Mildred Hekhuis; nephew of John Vanderwerp.
  Hugh Edward Van de Walker (1876-1943) — also known as Hugh E. Van de Walker — of Ypsilanti, Washtenaw County, Mich. Born in Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo County, Mich., July 15, 1876. Republican. Insurance business; mayor of Ypsilanti, Mich., 1924-28. Member, Rotary; Freemasons; Knights Templar; Knights of Pythias. Died April 8, 1943 (age 66 years, 267 days). Interment at Highland Cemetery, Ypsilanti, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of Arthur E. Van de Walker; married, December 3, 1902, to Abbie Vought.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Charles W. VanSlyke (1840-1917) — of Stockbridge, Ingham County, Mich.; Mason, Ingham County, Mich.; Loveland, Larimer County, Colo. Born in Lockport, Niagara County, N.Y., December 28, 1840. Democrat. Served in the Union Army during the Civil War; photography business; mayor of Mason, Mich., 1896-99; defeated, 1895. Methodist. Member, Freemasons. Died in Loveland, Larimer County, Colo., January 18, 1917 (age 76 years, 21 days). Interment at Maple Grove Cemetery, Mason, Mich.
  Relatives: Married to Caroline B. Cook.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Wade Van Valkenberg (1899-1985) — of Kalamazoo, Kalamazoo County, Mich. Born in Tipton, Lenawee County, Mich., January 16, 1899. Republican. Served in the U.S. Marine Corps during World War I; school teacher; lawyer; member of Michigan state house of representatives from Kalamazoo County 1st District, 1947-56; defeated in primary, 1944; Speaker of the Michigan State House of Representatives, 1953-56; circuit judge in Michigan 9th Circuit, 1965-67. Presbyterian. Member, Freemasons; Shriners; Kiwanis; American Legion. Died in 1985 (age about 86 years). Burial location unknown.
Murray D. Van_Wagoner Murray Delos Van Wagoner (1898-1986) — also known as Murray D. Van Wagoner — of Pontiac, Oakland County, Mich.; Birmingham, Oakland County, Mich. Born in Kingston, Tuscola County, Mich., March 18, 1898. Democrat. Civil engineer; Michigan state highway commissioner, 1933-40; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Michigan, 1936, 1940, 1944 (member, Committee on Permanent Organization; speaker), 1952; Governor of Michigan, 1941-42; defeated, 1942, 1946; candidate for University of Michigan board of regents, 1951. Episcopalian. Member, American Legion; Freemasons; Elks; Exchange Club. Died in Farmington Hills, Oakland County, Mich., June 12, 1986 (age 88 years, 86 days). Interment at White Chapel Memorial Park Cemetery, Troy, Mich.
  Relatives: Married to Helen Hammond.
  See also National Governors Association biography — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Image source: Michigan Manual 1939
  Jackson Vaughn III (1917-2006) — also known as Jackie Vaughn III — of Detroit, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Birmingham, Jefferson County, Ala., November 17, 1917. Democrat. Candidate for delegate to Michigan state constitutional convention from 4th Senatorial District, 1961; member of Michigan state house of representatives, 1967-78 (23rd District 1967-72, 18th District 1973-78); resigned 1978; member of Michigan state senate, 1978-2002 (5th District 1978-82, 3rd District 1983-94, 4th District 1995-2002). Baptist or Methodist. African ancestry. Member, NAACP; Americans for Democratic Action; American Civil Liberties Union; Omicron Delta Kappa; Elks; Freemasons. Died, in Botsford Hospital, Detroit, Wayne County, Mich., September 12, 2006 (age 88 years, 299 days). Interment at Woodlawn Cemetery, Detroit, Mich.
  Relatives: Son of William Vaughn and Myrtle Vaughn.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
"Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of a political graveyard."
Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872
The Political Graveyard

The Political Graveyard is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 320,919 politicians, living and dead.
 
  The coverage of this site includes (1) the President, Vice President, members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; and the chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifying municipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, for any of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellate judges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet, diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys, collectors of customs and internal revenue, members of major federal commissions; and political appointee (pre-1969) postmasters of qualifying communities; (5) state and national political party officials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and other participants in national party nominating conventions; (6) Americans who served as "honorary" consuls for other nations before 1950. Note: municipalities or communities "qualify", for Political Graveyard purposes, if they have at least half a million person-years of history, inclusive of predecessor, successor, and merged entities.  
  The listings are incomplete; development of the database is a continually ongoing project.  
  Information on this page — and on all other pages of this site — is believed to be accurate, but is not guaranteed. Users are advised to check with other sources before relying on any information here.  
  The official URL for this page is: https://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/MI/masons.T-V.html.  
  Links to this or any other Political Graveyard page are welcome, but specific page addresses may sometimes change as the site develops.  
  If you are searching for a specific named individual, try the alphabetical index of politicians.  
Copyright notices: (1) Facts are not subject to copyright; see Feist v. Rural Telephone. (2) Politician portraits displayed on this site are 70-pixel-wide monochrome thumbnail images, which I believe to constitute fair use under applicable copyright law. Where possible, each image is linked to its online source. However, requests from owners of copyrighted images to delete them from this site are honored. (3) Original material, programming, selection and arrangement are © 1996-2023 Lawrence Kestenbaum. (4) This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under a Creative Commons License.
Site information: The Political Graveyard is created and maintained by Lawrence Kestenbaum, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — The mailing address is The Political Graveyard, P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106. — This site is hosted by HDL. — The Political Graveyard opened on July 1, 1996; the last full revision was done on March 8, 2023.

Creative 
Commons License Follow polgraveyard on Twitter [Amazon.com]