Note: This is just one of 1,325 family groupings listed on The Political Graveyard web site. These families each have three or more politician members, all linked together by blood, marriage or adoption.

This specific family group is a subset of the much larger Four Thousand Related Politicians group. An individual may be listed with more than one subset.

These groupings — even the names of the groupings, and the areas of main activity — are the result of a computer algorithm working with the data I have, not the choices of any historian or genealogist.

	Jonathan Ingersoll (1747-1823) — of New Haven, New Haven County, Conn. Born in Ridgefield, Fairfield County, Conn., April 16, 1747. Member of Connecticut council of assistants, 1792-97; superior court judge in Connecticut, 1798-1801, 1811-16; Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut, 1816-23; died in office 1823. Died in New Haven, New Haven County, Conn., January 12, 1823 (age 75 years, 271 days). Burial location unknown.   Relatives: Son of Jonathan Ingersoll (1713-1778) and Dorcas (Moss) Ingersoll; married, April 1, 1786, to Grace Isaacs; father of Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll and Charles Anthony Ingersoll; grandfather of Colin Macrae Ingersoll and Charles Roberts Ingersoll; great-grandfather of George Pratt Ingersoll; first cousin of Jared Ingersoll; first cousin once removed of Charles Jared Ingersoll and Joseph Reed Ingersoll; first cousin thrice removed of Charles Edward Ingersoll; second cousin twice removed of Laman Ingersoll; second cousin thrice removed of Ebon Clarke Ingersoll and Robert Green Ingersoll; second cousin four times removed of Charles Phelps and John Carter Ingersoll; third cousin of Jonathan Hunt; third cousin once removed of Elijah Hunt Mills; third cousin twice removed of Elisha Hunt Allen, Gouverneur Morris and William Dean Kellogg; third cousin thrice removed of Bennet Bicknell, William Fessenden Allen and Frederick Hobbes Allen; fourth cousin of Jonathan Brace; fourth cousin once removed of Thomas Kimberly Brace, Greene Carrier Bronson and John Russell Kellogg.   Political families: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut; Ingersoll #2 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subsets of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).
	Jared Ingersoll (1749-1822) — of Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa. Born in New Haven, New Haven County, Conn., October 24, 1749. Lawyer; Delegate to Continental Congress from Pennsylvania, 1780-81; member, U.S. Constitutional Convention, 1787; Pennsylvania state attorney general, 1791-1800, 1811-16; U.S. Attorney for Pennsylvania, 1800-01; candidate for Vice President of the United States, 1812; district judge in Pennsylvania, 1821-22. Presbyterian. Died in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa., October 31, 1822 (age 73 years, 7 days). Interment at Old Pine Street Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pa.   Relatives: Son of Hannah (Whiting) Ingersoll and Jared Ingersoll (1722-1781); married, December 6, 1781, to Elizabeth Pettit; father of Charles Jared Ingersoll and Joseph Reed Ingersoll; great-grandfather of Charles Edward Ingersoll; first cousin of Jonathan Ingersoll; first cousin once removed of Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll and Charles Anthony Ingersoll; first cousin twice removed of Colin Macrae Ingersoll and Charles Roberts Ingersoll; first cousin thrice removed of George Pratt Ingersoll; second cousin twice removed of Laman Ingersoll; second cousin thrice removed of Ebon Clarke Ingersoll and Robert Green Ingersoll; second cousin four times removed of Charles Phelps and John Carter Ingersoll; third cousin of Jonathan Hunt; third cousin once removed of Elijah Hunt Mills; third cousin twice removed of Elisha Hunt Allen, Gouverneur Morris and William Dean Kellogg; third cousin thrice removed of Bennet Bicknell, William Fessenden Allen and Frederick Hobbes Allen; fourth cousin of Jonathan Brace; fourth cousin once removed of Thomas Kimberly Brace, Greene Carrier Bronson and John Russell Kellogg.   Political families: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut; Ingersoll #2 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subsets of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   The World War II Liberty ship SS Jared Ingersoll (built 1942 at Baltimore, Maryland; scrapped 1964) was named for him.   See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — NNDB dossier — Find-A-Grave memorial
	Charles Jared Ingersoll (1782-1862) — of Pennsylvania. Born in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa., October 3, 1782. Democrat. Lawyer; poet; U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania, 1813-15, 1841-49 (1st District 1813-15, 3rd District 1841-43, 4th District 1843-49); U.S. Attorney for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 1815-29; member of Pennsylvania state house of representatives, 1830; delegate to Pennsylvania state constitutional convention, 1837; federal judge, 1853. Died in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa., May 14, 1862 (age 79 years, 223 days). Interment at Woodlands Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pa.   Relatives: Son of Jared Ingersoll and Elizabeth (Pellet) Ingersoll; brother of Joseph Reed Ingersoll; married, October 18, 1804, to Mary Wilcocks; grandfather of Charles Edward Ingersoll; first cousin once removed of Jonathan Ingersoll; second cousin of Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll and Charles Anthony Ingersoll; second cousin once removed of Colin Macrae Ingersoll and Charles Roberts Ingersoll; second cousin twice removed of George Pratt Ingersoll; third cousin once removed of Jonathan Hunt and Laman Ingersoll; third cousin twice removed of Ebon Clarke Ingersoll and Robert Green Ingersoll; third cousin thrice removed of Charles Phelps and John Carter Ingersoll; fourth cousin of Elijah Hunt Mills; fourth cousin once removed of Jonathan Brace, Elisha Hunt Allen, Gouverneur Morris and William Dean Kellogg.   Political families: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut; Ingersoll #2 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subsets of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
	Joseph Reed Ingersoll (1786-1868) — of Pennsylvania. Born in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa., June 14, 1786. Whig. Lawyer; U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania 2nd District, 1835-37, 1841-49; U.S. Minister to Great Britain, 1852-53. Episcopalian. Died in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa., February 20, 1868 (age 81 years, 251 days). Interment at St. Peter's Episcopal Churchyard, Philadelphia, Pa.   Relatives: Son of Jared Ingersoll and Elizabeth (Pettit) Ingersoll; brother of Charles Jared Ingersoll; married, September 22, 1813, to Ann Wilcocks; granduncle of Charles Edward Ingersoll; first cousin once removed of Jonathan Ingersoll; second cousin of Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll and Charles Anthony Ingersoll; second cousin once removed of Colin Macrae Ingersoll and Charles Roberts Ingersoll; second cousin twice removed of George Pratt Ingersoll; third cousin once removed of Jonathan Hunt and Laman Ingersoll; third cousin twice removed of Ebon Clarke Ingersoll and Robert Green Ingersoll; third cousin thrice removed of Charles Phelps and John Carter Ingersoll; fourth cousin of Elijah Hunt Mills; fourth cousin once removed of Jonathan Brace, Elisha Hunt Allen, Gouverneur Morris and William Dean Kellogg.   Political families: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut; Ingersoll #2 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subsets of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — U.S. State Dept career summary — Find-A-Grave memorial
	Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll (1789-1872) — also known as Ralph I. Ingersoll; "Young Hotspur" — of New Haven, New Haven County, Conn. Born in New Haven, New Haven County, Conn., February 8, 1789. Democrat. Lawyer; member of Connecticut state house of representatives from New Haven, 1820-25; Speaker of the Connecticut State House of Representatives, 1824; U.S. Representative from Connecticut at-large, 1825-33; mayor of New Haven, Conn., 1830-31; U.S. Minister to Russia, 1846-48. Died in New Haven, New Haven County, Conn., August 26, 1872 (age 83 years, 200 days). Interment at Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven, Conn.   Relatives: Son of Jonathan Ingersoll and Grace (Isaacs) Ingersoll; brother of Charles Anthony Ingersoll; married 1814 to Margaret C. E. Van den Huevel; father of Colin Macrae Ingersoll and Charles Roberts Ingersoll; grandfather of George Pratt Ingersoll; first cousin once removed of Jared Ingersoll; second cousin of Charles Jared Ingersoll and Joseph Reed Ingersoll; second cousin twice removed of Charles Edward Ingersoll; third cousin once removed of Jonathan Hunt and Laman Ingersoll; third cousin twice removed of Ebon Clarke Ingersoll and Robert Green Ingersoll; third cousin thrice removed of Charles Phelps and John Carter Ingersoll; fourth cousin of Elijah Hunt Mills; fourth cousin once removed of Jonathan Brace, Elisha Hunt Allen, Gouverneur Morris and William Dean Kellogg.   Political families: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut; Ingersoll #2 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subsets of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — U.S. State Dept career summary — Find-A-Grave memorial
	Zadock Pratt (1790-1871) — of New York. Born in Stephentown, Rensselaer County, N.Y., October 30, 1790. Democrat. Served in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812; tanner; justice of the peace; banker; U.S. Representative from New York, 1837-39, 1843-45 (8th District 1837-39, 11th District 1843-45); delegate to Democratic National Convention from New York, 1852. Died in Bergen town (now part of Jersey City), Hudson County, N.J., April 5, 1871 (age 80 years, 157 days). Interment at City Cemetery, Prattsville, N.Y.   Relatives: Son of Zadock Pratt, Sr. and Hannah (Pickett) Pratt; married, October 18, 1818, to Beda Dickerman; married 1823 to Esther Dickerman; married, October 12, 1827, to Abigail P. Watson; married, March 16, 1835, to Mary E. Watson; married, October 16, 1869, to Susie A. Grimm; father of George Watson Pratt and Julia Harriet Pratt (who married Colin Macrae Ingersoll); grandfather of George Pratt Ingersoll.   Political family: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subset of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   Epitaph: "Died Ever Regretted. While Member of Congress, Moved the Reduction of Postage, A.D. 1838, and the Survey for a Railroad to the Pacific, A.D. 1844."   See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article
	Charles Anthony Ingersoll (1798-1860) — also known as Charles A. Ingersoll — of New Haven, New Haven County, Conn. Born in New Haven, New Haven County, Conn., October 19, 1798. Lawyer; member of Connecticut state house of representatives from New Haven, 1827; U.S. District Judge for Connecticut, 1853-60; died in office 1860. Died in New Haven, New Haven County, Conn., February 7, 1860 (age 61 years, 111 days). Interment at Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven, Conn.   Relatives: Son of Jonathan Ingersoll and Grace (Isaacs) Ingersoll; brother of Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll; married, November 5, 1839, to Henrietta Sidell; uncle of Colin Macrae Ingersoll and Charles Roberts Ingersoll; granduncle of George Pratt Ingersoll; first cousin once removed of Jared Ingersoll; second cousin of Charles Jared Ingersoll and Joseph Reed Ingersoll; second cousin twice removed of Charles Edward Ingersoll; third cousin once removed of Jonathan Hunt and Laman Ingersoll; third cousin twice removed of Ebon Clarke Ingersoll and Robert Green Ingersoll; third cousin thrice removed of Charles Phelps and John Carter Ingersoll; fourth cousin of Elijah Hunt Mills; fourth cousin once removed of Jonathan Brace, Elisha Hunt Allen, Gouverneur Morris and William Dean Kellogg.   Political families: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut; Ingersoll #2 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subsets of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   See also Find-A-Grave memorial
	Laman Ingersoll (1805-1863) — of Guilford, Chenango County, N.Y. Born in Guilford, Chenango County, N.Y., April 2, 1805. Member of New York state assembly from Chenango County 2nd District, 1851. Died in Guilford, Chenango County, N.Y., December 30, 1863 (age 58 years, 272 days). Interment at Sunset Hill Cemetery, Guilford, N.Y.   Relatives: Son of Thomas Horton Ingersoll and Elizabeth (Laman) Ingersoll; married, January 12, 1825, to Sarah Sherwood; second cousin twice removed of Jonathan Ingersoll and Jared Ingersoll; third cousin once removed of Charles Jared Ingersoll, Joseph Reed Ingersoll, Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll and Charles Anthony Ingersoll; third cousin twice removed of Jonathan Hunt; fourth cousin of Chester Ashley, Colin Macrae Ingersoll and Charles Roberts Ingersoll; fourth cousin once removed of Elijah Hunt Mills, Orlando Kellogg, Ebon Clarke Ingersoll, Robert Green Ingersoll, Charles Edward Ingersoll and George Pratt Ingersoll.   Political families: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut; Ingersoll #2 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subsets of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   See also Find-A-Grave memorial
	Colin Macrae Ingersoll (1819-1903) — also known as Colin M. Ingersoll — of New Haven, New Haven County, Conn. Born in New Haven, New Haven County, Conn., March 11, 1819. Democrat. Lawyer; U.S. Representative from Connecticut 2nd District, 1851-55; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Connecticut, 1860, 1876; Adjutant General of Connecticut, 1867-71. Died, of pneumonia, in New Haven, New Haven County, Conn., September 13, 1903 (age 84 years, 186 days). Interment at Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven, Conn.   Relatives: Son of Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll and Margaret C. E. (Van den Huevel) Ingersoll; brother of Charles Roberts Ingersoll; married, October 26, 1858, to Julia Harriet Pratt (daughter of Zadock Pratt; sister of George Watson Pratt); father of George Pratt Ingersoll; nephew of Charles Anthony Ingersoll; grandson of Jonathan Ingersoll; first cousin twice removed of Jared Ingersoll; second cousin once removed of Charles Jared Ingersoll and Joseph Reed Ingersoll; third cousin once removed of Charles Edward Ingersoll; third cousin twice removed of Jonathan Hunt; fourth cousin of Laman Ingersoll; fourth cousin once removed of Elijah Hunt Mills, Ebon Clarke Ingersoll and Robert Green Ingersoll.   Political families: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut; Ingersoll #2 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subsets of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial
	Charles Roberts Ingersoll (1821-1903) — also known as Charles R. Ingersoll — of New Haven, New Haven County, Conn. Born in New Haven, New Haven County, Conn., September 16, 1821. Democrat. Lawyer; member of Connecticut state house of representatives from New Haven, 1856-58, 1866, 1871; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Connecticut, 1864; Governor of Connecticut, 1873-77. Died in New Haven, New Haven County, Conn., January 25, 1903 (age 81 years, 131 days). Interment at Grove Street Cemetery, New Haven, Conn.   Relatives: Son of Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll and Margaret C. E. (Van den Huevel) Ingersoll; brother of Colin Macrae Ingersoll; married 1847 to Virginia Gregory; nephew of Charles Anthony Ingersoll; uncle of George Pratt Ingersoll; grandson of Jonathan Ingersoll; first cousin twice removed of Jared Ingersoll; second cousin once removed of Charles Jared Ingersoll and Joseph Reed Ingersoll; third cousin once removed of Charles Edward Ingersoll; third cousin twice removed of Jonathan Hunt; fourth cousin of Laman Ingersoll; fourth cousin once removed of Elijah Hunt Mills, Ebon Clarke Ingersoll and Robert Green Ingersoll.   Political families: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut; Ingersoll #2 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subsets of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   See also National Governors Association biography — Find-A-Grave memorial
	George Watson Pratt (1830-1862) — also known as George W. Pratt — of Kingston, Ulster County, N.Y. Born in Prattsville, Greene County, N.Y., April 18, 1830. Leather manufacturer; member of New York state senate 10th District, 1858-59; colonel in the Union Army during the Civil War. Shot and wounded at the Second Battle of Bull Run, Va., August 30, 1862, and died as a result, in Albany, Albany County, N.Y., September 11, 1862 (age 32 years, 146 days). Interment at Albany Rural Cemetery, Menands, N.Y.   Relatives: Son of Zadock Pratt and Abigail (Watson) Pratt; brother of Julia Harriet Pratt (who married Colin Macrae Ingersoll); married 1855 to Anna Attwood Tibbs; uncle of George Pratt Ingersoll.   Political family: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subset of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   See also Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial
	Ebon Clarke Ingersoll (1831-1879) — also known as Ebon C. Ingersoll; Clark Ingersoll — of Peoria, Peoria County, Ill. Born in Marshall, Oneida County, N.Y., December 12, 1831. Republican. Lawyer; member of Illinois state house of representatives, 1857; U.S. Representative from Illinois 5th District, 1864-71; defeated, 1862. Died in Washington, D.C., May 31, 1879 (age 47 years, 170 days). Interment at Oak Hill Cemetery, Washington, D.C.   Relatives: Son of John Ingersoll and Mary (Livingston) Ingersoll; brother of Robert Green Ingersoll; married, November 27, 1857, to Mary Carter; father of John Carter Ingersoll; second cousin thrice removed of Jonathan Ingersoll and Jared Ingersoll; third cousin twice removed of Charles Jared Ingersoll, Joseph Reed Ingersoll, Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll and Charles Anthony Ingersoll; fourth cousin once removed of Laman Ingersoll, Colin Macrae Ingersoll and Charles Roberts Ingersoll.   Political families: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut; Ingersoll #2 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subsets of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
	Robert Green Ingersoll (1833-1899) — also known as Robert G. Ingersoll; "The Great Agnostic"; "American Infidel"; "Impious Pope Bob" — of Peoria, Peoria County, Ill.; Washington, D.C. Born in Dresden, Yates County, N.Y., August 11, 1833. Lawyer; Democratic candidate for Illinois state house of representatives 5th District, 1860; colonel in the Union Army during the Civil War; charged about 1864 with assault and battery against the Peoria County Sheriff; tried; the jury was deadlocked and could not reach a verdict; the case was dismissed before a new trial could be held; Illinois state attorney general, 1867-69; delegate to Republican National Convention from Illinois, 1876; made the nominating speech which dubbed James G. Blaine as "The Plumed Knight". Agnostic. Died in Dobbs Ferry, Westchester County, N.Y., July 21, 1899 (age 65 years, 344 days). Cremated; ashes interred at Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.; statue erected 1911 at Glen Oak Park, Peoria, Ill.   Relatives: Son of Rev. John Ingersoll and Mary (Livingston) Ingersoll; brother of Ebon Clarke Ingersoll; married, February 13, 1862, to Eve Amelia Parker; uncle of John Carter Ingersoll; second cousin thrice removed of Jonathan Ingersoll and Jared Ingersoll; third cousin twice removed of Charles Jared Ingersoll, Joseph Reed Ingersoll, Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll and Charles Anthony Ingersoll; fourth cousin once removed of Laman Ingersoll, Colin Macrae Ingersoll and Charles Roberts Ingersoll.   Political families: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut; Ingersoll #2 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subsets of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   See also NNDB dossier   Books about Robert G. Ingersoll: Orvin Larson, American Infidel: Robert G. Ingersoll   Image source: William C. Roberts, Leading Orators (1884)
	Charles Edward Ingersoll (1860-1932) — of Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa.; Penllyn, Montgomery County, Pa. Born in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa., June 17, 1860. Democrat. Delegate to Democratic National Convention from Pennsylvania, 1896; candidate for U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania 7th District, 1902. Died, from arteriosclerosis and chronic nephritis, in Penllyn, Montgomery County, Pa., June 6, 1932 (age 71 years, 355 days). Interment at Church of the Messiah Cemetery, Gwynedd Valley, Pa.   Relatives: Son of Edward Ingersoll and Anna Chester (Warren) Ingersoll; married, December 23, 1886, to Henrietta Auchinuty Sturgis; grandson of Charles Jared Ingersoll; grandnephew of Joseph Reed Ingersoll; great-grandson of Jared Ingersoll; first cousin thrice removed of Jonathan Ingersoll; second cousin twice removed of Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll and Charles Anthony Ingersoll; third cousin once removed of Colin Macrae Ingersoll and Charles Roberts Ingersoll; third cousin thrice removed of Jonathan Hunt; fourth cousin of George Pratt Ingersoll; fourth cousin once removed of Laman Ingersoll.   Political family: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subset of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   See also Find-A-Grave memorial
	John Carter Ingersoll (1860-1903) — also known as John C. Ingersoll — of Washington, D.C. Born in Peoria, Peoria County, Ill., March 20, 1860. U.S. Consul in Copenhagen, as of 1898-99; Cartagena, as of 1902. Died in Colón, Colombia (now Panama), June 6, 1903 (age 43 years, 78 days). Interment at Oak Hill Cemetery, Washington, D.C.   Relatives: Son of Ebon Clarke Ingersoll and Mary (Carter) Ingersoll; married, November 16, 1884, to Lalla Burrows; nephew of Robert Green Ingersoll; second cousin four times removed of Jonathan Ingersoll and Jared Ingersoll; third cousin thrice removed of Charles Jared Ingersoll, Joseph Reed Ingersoll, Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll and Charles Anthony Ingersoll.   Political families: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut; Ingersoll #2 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subsets of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   See also Find-A-Grave memorial
	George Pratt Ingersoll (1861-1927) — also known as George P. Ingersoll — of Ridgefield, Fairfield County, Conn. Born in New Haven, New Haven County, Conn., April 24, 1861. Democrat. Lawyer; candidate for U.S. Representative from Connecticut at-large, 1910; U.S. Minister to Siam, 1917-18. Episcopalian. Member, Delta Psi. Died in Stamford, Fairfield County, Conn., February 24, 1927 (age 65 years, 306 days). Interment at Fairlawn Cemetery, Ridgefield, Conn.   Relatives: Son of Colin Macrae Ingersoll and Julia Harriet (Pratt) Ingersoll; married, November 3, 1891, to Alice Witherspoon; nephew of Charles Roberts Ingersoll and George Watson Pratt; grandson of Ralph Isaacs Ingersoll and Zadock Pratt; grandnephew of Charles Anthony Ingersoll; great-grandson of Jonathan Ingersoll; first cousin thrice removed of Jared Ingersoll; second cousin twice removed of Charles Jared Ingersoll and Joseph Reed Ingersoll; third cousin thrice removed of Jonathan Hunt; fourth cousin of Charles Edward Ingersoll; fourth cousin once removed of Laman Ingersoll.   Political family: Ingersoll #1 family of New Haven, Connecticut (subset of the Four Thousand Related Politicians).   See also U.S. State Dept career summary — Find-A-Grave memorial