Members of the Texas State Board of Education, 1992-2012
(May be incomplete!)
Events and Candidates (may be incomplete!)
1992 Mar 10:
Rene
Nunez (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1992 Nov 3:
Rene
Nunez (Dem), elected unopposed.
1994 Mar 8:
Rene
Nunez (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1994 Mar 8:
Mary
Helen Cantu (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1994 Nov 8:
Rene
Nunez (Dem), elected;
Mary
Helen Cantu (Rep), defeated.
1998 Mar 10:
Rene
Nunez (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1998 Mar 10:
Donna
Ballard (Rep), nominated;
Mary
Helen Cantu (Rep), defeated in primary.
1998 Nov 3:
Rene
Nunez (Dem), elected;
Donna
Ballard (Rep), defeated.
1992 Mar 10:
Mary
Helen Berlanga (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1992 Nov 3:
Mary
Helen Berlanga (Dem), elected unopposed.
1994 Mar 8:
Mary
Helen Berlanga (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1994 Mar 8:
Juan
Vega (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1994 Nov 8:
Mary
Helen Berlanga (Dem), elected;
Juan
Vega (Rep), defeated.
1998 Mar 10:
Mary
Helen Berlanga (Dem), nominated;
Jose
E. Esparza (Dem), defeated in primary;
Simon
O. Calvillo (Dem), defeated in primary.
1998 Mar 10:
Shirley
Persons Pigott (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1998 Nov 3:
Mary
Helen Berlanga (Dem), elected;
Shirley
Persons Pigott (Rep), defeated.
1992 Mar 10:
Esteban
Sosa (Dem), nominated;
Anthony
Rogers (Dem), defeated in primary.
1992 Nov 3:
Esteban
Sosa (Dem), elected unopposed.
1996 Mar 12:
Joe
J. Bernal (Dem), nominated;
Vincent
R. Alvarado (Dem), defeated in primary.
1996 Mar 12:
Jose
Garcia De Lara (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1996 Nov 5:
Joe
J. Bernal (Dem), elected;
Jose
Garcia De Lara (Rep), defeated;
Sharon
Miller (Natural Law), defeated.
1992 Mar 10:
Alma
A. Allen (Dem), advanced to runoff;
Lois
Moseley (Dem), advanced to runoff;
Ed
Cline (Dem), defeated in primary;
Birdia
M. Churchwell (Dem), defeated in primary;
Gary
Yokie (Dem), defeated in primary.
1992 Apr 14:
Alma
A. Allen (Dem), nominated;
Lois
Moseley (Dem), defeated in primary.
1992 Nov 3:
Alma
A. Allen (Dem), elected;
Charles
Fuller (Libertarian), defeated.
1996 Mar 12:
Alma
A. Allen (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1996 Mar 12:
Earl
J. Ehlers (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1996 Nov 5:
Alma
A. Allen (Dem), elected;
Earl
J. Ehlers (Rep), defeated.
1992 Mar 10:
Ted
Coulter (Dem), nominated;
Bennye
Frazier (Dem), defeated in primary.
1992 Mar 10:
Bob
Offutt (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1992 Nov 3:
Bob
Offutt (Rep), elected;
Ted
Coulter (Dem), defeated.
1996 Mar 12:
Nettie
Ruth Bratton (Dem), nominated;
Joe
Richeson (Dem), defeated in primary.
1996 Mar 12:
Bob
Offutt (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1996 Nov 5:
Bob
Offutt (Rep), elected;
Nettie
Ruth Bratton (Dem), defeated.
1992 Mar 10:
Jack
Christie (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1992 Nov 3:
Jack
Christie (Rep), elected unopposed.
1996 Mar 12:
Jack
Christie (Rep), nominated;
Terri
Leo (Rep), defeated in primary.
1996 Nov 5:
Jack
Christie (Rep), elected;
Angela
Patton (Natural Law), defeated.
1992 Mar 10:
Carolyn
Honea Crawford (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1992 Nov 3:
Carolyn
Honea Crawford (Dem), elected unopposed.
1996 Mar 12:
Rema
Lou Brown (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1996 Mar 12:
David
Bradley (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1996 Nov 5:
David
Bradley (Rep), elected;
Rema
Lou Brown (Dem), defeated.
1992 Mar 10:
Mary
Knotts Perkins (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1992 Mar 10:
D.
W. Diehl (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1992 Nov 3:
Mary
Knotts Perkins (Dem), elected;
D.
W. Diehl (Rep), defeated.
1994 Mar 8:
Mary
Knotts Perkins (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1994 Mar 8:
Donna
Ballard (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1994 Nov 8:
Donna
Ballard (Rep), elected;
Mary
Knotts Perkins (Dem), defeated.
1998 Mar 10:
Charlotte
H. Coffelt (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1998 Mar 10:
Grace
Shore (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1998 Nov 3:
Grace
Shore (Rep), elected;
Charlotte
H. Coffelt (Dem), defeated.
1992 Nov 3:
Patsy
Johnson (Dem), elected;
C.
B. Jones (Rep), defeated;
Gene
W. Hightower, defeated.
1994 Mar 8:
Patsy
Johnson (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1994 Mar 8:
Randy
Stevenson (Rep), nominated;
Charles
Cadenhead (Rep), defeated in primary.
1994 Nov 8:
Randy
Stevenson (Rep), elected;
Patsy
Johnson (Dem), defeated.
1998 Mar 10:
Mary
Delk (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1998 Mar 10:
Don
McLeroy (Rep), nominated;
Lee
Burch (Rep), defeated in primary.
1998 Nov 3:
Don
McLeroy (Rep), elected;
Mary
Delk (Dem), defeated.
1992 Mar 10:
Will
Davis (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1992 Nov 3:
Will
Davis (Dem), elected unopposed.
1996 Mar 12:
Will
Davis (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1996 Mar 12:
Cynthia
A. Thornton (Rep), advanced to runoff;
Charlie
Weaver (Rep), advanced to runoff;
Don
Clark (Rep), defeated in primary.
1996 Apr 9:
Charlie
Weaver (Rep), nominated;
Cynthia
A. Thornton (Rep), defeated in primary.
1996 Nov 5:
Will
Davis (Dem), elected;
Charlie
Weaver (Rep), defeated;
Catherine
L. Randolph (Natural Law), defeated.
1992 Mar 10:
Diane
Patrick (Rep), nominated;
Forrest
E. Watson (Rep), defeated in primary.
1992 Nov 3:
Diane
Patrick (Rep), elected;
Jeri
Barthel (Libertarian), defeated.
1996 Mar 12:
Robert
M. Platt (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1996 Mar 12:
Richard
Neill (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1996 Nov 5:
Richard
Neill (Rep), elected;
Robert
M. Platt (Dem), defeated.
1992 Mar 10:
Geraldine
Miller (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1992 Nov 3:
Geraldine
Miller (Rep), elected unopposed.
1996 Mar 12:
Barbara
V. Montgomery (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1996 Mar 12:
Geraldine
Miller (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1996 Nov 5:
Geraldine
Miller (Rep), elected;
Barbara
V. Montgomery (Dem), defeated;
Brady
Byrum (Libertarian), defeated.
1992 Mar 10:
Emmett
Conrad (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1992 Nov 3:
Emmett
Conrad (Dem), elected;
Gordon
Mobley (Libertarian), defeated.
1994 Mar 8:
Rosie
Collins=Sorrells (Dem), advanced to runoff;
Robert
H. Hester (Dem), advanced to runoff;
Eula
Jones (Dem), defeated in primary.
1994 Mar 8:
Richard
Burke (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1994 Apr 12:
Rosie
Collins=Sorrells (Dem), nominated;
Robert
H. Hester (Dem), defeated in primary.
1994 Nov 8:
Rosie
Collins=Sorrells (Dem), elected;
Richard
Burke (Rep), defeated.
1998 Mar 10:
Rosie
Collins=Sorrells (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1998 Nov 3:
Rosie
Collins=Sorrells (Dem), elected unopposed.
1992 Mar 10:
William
L. Hudson (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1992 Nov 3:
William
L. Hudson (Dem), elected unopposed.
1994 Mar 8:
Howard
L. Neeb (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1994 Mar 8:
Richard
Watson (Rep), nominated;
Leland
Dysart (Rep), defeated in primary.
1994 Nov 8:
Richard
Watson (Rep), elected;
Howard
L. Neeb (Dem), defeated.
1998 Mar 10:
Allan
K. Butcher, Jr. (Dem), nominated unopposed.
1998 Mar 10:
Richard
Watson (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1998 Nov 3:
Richard
Watson (Rep), elected;
Allan
K. Butcher, Jr. (Dem), defeated.
1992 Mar 10:
Monte
Hasie (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1992 Nov 3:
Monte
Hasie (Rep), elected unopposed.
1994 Mar 8:
Monte
Hasie (Rep), nominated unopposed.
1994 Nov 8:
Monte
Hasie (Rep), elected unopposed.
1998 Mar 10:
Judy
Strickland (Rep), nominated;
Nancy
Neal (Rep), defeated in primary.
1998 Nov 3:
Judy
Strickland (Rep), elected unopposed.
2002 Mar 12:
Rene
Nunez (Dem), nominated;
Said
Abakoui (Dem), defeated in primary.
2002 Mar 12:
Trini
Munoz (Rep), nominated unopposed.
2002 Nov 5:
Rene
Nunez (Dem), elected;
Trini
Munoz (Rep), defeated;
Catherine
F. Harrell (Libertarian), defeated.
2006 Nov 7:
Rene
Nunez (Dem), elected unopposed.
2002 Mar 12:
Mary
Helen Berlanga (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2002 Nov 5:
Mary
Helen Berlanga (Dem), elected unopposed.
2004 Nov 2:
Mary
Helen Berlanga (Dem), elected unopposed.
2008 Nov 4:
Mary
Helen Berlanga (Dem), elected;
Peter
H. Johnston (Rep), defeated.
2000 Mar 14:
Joe
J. Bernal (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2000 Nov 7:
Joe
J. Bernal (Dem), elected unopposed.
2002 Mar 12:
Joe
J. Bernal (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2002 Nov 5:
Joe
J. Bernal (Dem), elected unopposed.
2006 Nov 7:
Rick
Agosto (Dem), elected;
Tony
Cunningham (Rep), defeated.
2000 Mar 14:
Alma
A. Allen (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2000 Nov 7:
Alma
A. Allen (Dem), elected unopposed.
2002 Mar 12:
Alma
A. Allen (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2002 Nov 5:
Alma
A. Allen (Dem), elected;
Kurt
R. Kessler (Libertarian), defeated.
2004 Nov 2:
Lawrence
A. Allen, Jr. (Dem), elected unopposed.
2006 Nov 7:
Lawrence
A. Allen, Jr. (Dem), elected unopposed.
2000 Mar 14:
Dan
Montgomery (Rep), nominated;
Bob
Offutt (Rep), defeated in primary.
2000 Nov 7:
Dan
Montgomery (Rep), elected unopposed.
2002 Mar 12:
Donna
Howard (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2002 Mar 12:
Dan
Montgomery (Rep), nominated;
Jim
Deats (Rep), defeated in primary.
2002 Nov 5:
Dan
Montgomery (Rep), elected;
Donna
Howard (Dem), defeated;
Irene
Meyer Scharf (Green), defeated.
2006 Nov 7:
Ken
Mercer (Rep), elected;
Bill
Oliver (Libertarian), defeated.
2000 Mar 14:
Chase
Untermeyer (Rep), nominated unopposed.
2000 Nov 7:
Chase
Untermeyer (Rep), elected unopposed.
2002 Mar 12:
Terri
Leo (Rep), nominated;
Doug
Cannon (Rep), defeated in primary.
2002 Nov 5:
Terri
Leo (Rep), elected unopposed.
2004 Nov 2:
Terri
Leo (Rep), elected unopposed.
2008 Nov 4:
Terri
Leo (Rep), elected;
Mary
Ann Bryan (Libertarian), defeated.
2000 Mar 14:
Fanniece
Hawkins (Dem), nominated;
Harvey
R. Brown, Sr. (Dem), defeated in primary.
2000 Mar 14:
David
Bradley (Rep), nominated unopposed.
2000 Nov 7:
David
Bradley (Rep), elected;
Fanniece
Hawkins (Dem), defeated;
Richard
E. Walker (Libertarian), defeated.
2002 Mar 12:
Richard
Hargrove (Dem), nominated;
Thomas
G. Butler (Dem), defeated in primary.
2002 Mar 12:
David
Bradley (Rep), nominated;
Jason
W. Ceyanes, Sr. (Rep), defeated in primary.
2002 Nov 5:
David
Bradley (Rep), elected;
Richard
Hargrove (Dem), defeated;
William
J. McNicoll (Libertarian), defeated.
2004 Nov 2:
David
Bradley (Rep), elected;
William
J. McNicoll (Libertarian), defeated.
2008 Nov 4:
David
Bradley (Rep), elected;
Laura
Ewing (Dem), defeated;
Richard
R. Johnson (Libertarian), defeated.
2002 Mar 12:
Linda
Bauer (Rep), nominated;
Grace
Shore (Rep), defeated in primary.
2002 Nov 5:
Linda
Bauer (Rep), elected unopposed.
2004 Nov 2:
Barbara
Cargill (Rep), elected unopposed.
2008 Nov 4:
Barbara
Cargill (Rep), elected;
Kim
B. Stroman (Libertarian), defeated;
Linda
Ellis, defeated.
2002 Mar 12:
Dean
W. Woodard (Dem), nominated;
Robert
A. Butler (Dem), defeated in primary.
2002 Mar 12:
Don
McLeroy (Rep), nominated;
Patricia
Harper (Rep), defeated in primary.
2002 Nov 5:
Don
McLeroy (Rep), elected;
Dean
W. Woodard (Dem), defeated;
Nicole
Lightner (Libertarian), defeated.
2006 Nov 7:
Don
McLeroy (Rep), elected;
Maggie
Charleton (Dem), defeated.
2000 Mar 14:
Donna
Howard (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2000 Mar 14:
Bob
Schoolfield (Rep), advanced to runoff;
Cynthia
A. Thornton (Rep), advanced to runoff;
Brad
Shields (Rep), defeated in primary;
Dolores
Hillyer (Rep), defeated in primary.
2000 Apr 11:
Cynthia
A. Thornton (Rep), nominated;
Bob
Schoolfield (Rep), defeated in primary.
2000 Nov 7:
Cynthia
A. Thornton (Rep), elected;
Donna
Howard (Dem), defeated;
Nancy
C. Neale (Libertarian), defeated.
2002 Mar 12:
Cynthia
A. Thornton (Rep), nominated unopposed.
2002 Nov 5:
Cynthia
A. Thornton (Rep), elected;
Lesley
Nicole Ramsey (Green), defeated.
2006 Nov 7:
Cynthia
Dunbar (Rep), elected;
Martin
Thomen (Libertarian), defeated.
2000 Mar 14:
Richard
Neill (Rep), nominated unopposed.
2000 Nov 7:
Richard
Neill (Rep), elected unopposed.
2002 Mar 12:
Patricia
Hardy (Rep), nominated;
Warren
Norred (Rep), defeated in primary;
Blanca
A. Castillo (Rep), defeated in primary.
2002 Nov 5:
Patricia
Hardy (Rep), elected unopposed.
2004 Nov 2:
Patricia
Hardy (Rep), elected unopposed.
2008 Nov 4:
Patricia
Hardy (Rep), elected;
Bruce
Beckman (Libertarian), defeated.
2000 Mar 14:
Geraldine
Miller (Rep), nominated unopposed.
2000 Nov 7:
Geraldine
Miller (Rep), elected unopposed.
2002 Mar 12:
Geraldine
Miller (Rep), nominated unopposed.
2002 Nov 5:
Geraldine
Miller (Rep), elected;
Mark
Wilson (Libertarian), defeated.
2006 Nov 7:
Geraldine
Miller (Rep), elected;
Matthew
Havener (Libertarian), defeated.
2002 Mar 12:
Mavis
Best Knight (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2002 Nov 5:
Mavis
Best Knight (Dem), elected unopposed.
2004 Nov 2:
Mavis
Best Knight (Dem), elected unopposed.
2008 Nov 4:
Mavis
Best Knight (Dem), elected;
Cindy
Werner (Rep), defeated.
2002 Mar 12:
Gail
Lowe (Rep), nominated;
Lynn
Edward Allen (Rep), defeated in primary.
2002 Nov 5:
Gail
Lowe (Rep), elected unopposed.
2004 Nov 2:
Gail
Lowe (Rep), elected unopposed.
2008 Nov 4:
Gail
Lowe (Rep), elected;
Edra
Bogle (Dem), defeated;
John
E. Shuey (Libertarian), defeated.
2002 Mar 12:
David
Schaeffer (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2002 Mar 12:
Bob
Craig (Rep), nominated;
Joyce
Herron (Rep), defeated in primary.
2002 Nov 5:
Bob
Craig (Rep), elected;
David
Schaeffer (Dem), defeated;
Brent
A. Russenberger (Libertarian), defeated.
2006 Nov 7:
Bob
Craig (Rep), elected;
Brandon
Stacker (Libertarian), defeated.
2010 Nov 2:
Carlos
Garza (Rep), elected;
Rene
Nunez (Dem), defeated.
2012 May 29:
Martha
M. Dominguéz (Dem), nominated;
Sergio
Mora (Dem), defeated in primary;
Andres
Muro (Dem), defeated in primary.
2012 May 29:
Carlos
Garza (Rep), nominated unopposed.
2012 Nov 6:
Martha
M. Dominguéz (Dem), elected;
Carlos
Garza (Rep), defeated.
2012 May 29:
Celeste
Zepeda Sanchez (Dem), advanced to runoff;
Ruben
Cortez, Jr. (Dem), advanced to runoff;
Larry
E. Garza (Dem), defeated in primary.
2012 May 29:
Laurie
J. Turner (Rep), nominated;
Veronica
Anzaldua (Rep), defeated in primary.
2012 Jul 31:
Ruben
Cortez, Jr. (Dem), nominated;
Celeste
Zepeda Sanchez (Dem), defeated in primary.
2012 Nov 6:
Ruben
Cortez, Jr. (Dem), elected;
Laurie
J. Turner (Rep), defeated;
Lenard
L. Nelson (Libertarian), defeated.
2010 Nov 2:
Michael
Soto (Dem), elected;
Tony
Cunningham (Rep), defeated;
Dean
Kareem Higley (Libertarian), defeated;
Deborah
L. Parrish, defeated.
2012 May 29:
Marisa
B. Perez (Dem), nominated;
Michael
Soto (Dem), defeated in primary.
2012 May 29:
David
M. Williams (Rep), nominated unopposed.
2012 Nov 6:
Marisa
B. Perez (Dem), elected;
David
M. Williams (Rep), defeated.
2010 Nov 2:
Lawrence
A. Allen, Jr. (Dem), elected unopposed.
2012 May 29:
Lawrence
A. Allen, Jr. (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2012 May 29:
Dorothy
Olmos (Rep), nominated unopposed.
2012 Nov 6:
Lawrence
A. Allen, Jr. (Dem), elected;
Dorothy
Olmos (Rep), defeated.
2010 Nov 2:
Ken
Mercer (Rep), elected;
Rebecca
Bell-Metereau (Dem), defeated;
Mark
Loewe (Libertarian), defeated.
2012 May 29:
Rebecca
Bell-Metereau (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2012 May 29:
Ken
Mercer (Rep), nominated;
Steve
Salyer (Rep), defeated in primary.
2012 Nov 6:
Ken
Mercer (Rep), elected;
Rebecca
Bell-Metereau (Dem), defeated;
Mark
Loewe (Libertarian), defeated;
Irene
Meyer Scharf (Green), defeated.
2012 May 29:
Traci
Jensen (Dem), nominated;
Patty
Quintana-Nilsson (Dem), defeated in primary;
David
Scott (Dem), defeated in primary.
2012 May 29:
Donna
Bahorich (Rep), nominated unopposed.
2012 Nov 6:
Donna
Bahorich (Rep), elected;
Traci
Jensen (Dem), defeated;
Gene
Clark (Libertarian), defeated;
G.
C. Molison (Green), defeated.
2012 May 29:
David
Bradley (Rep), nominated;
Rita
Ashley (Rep), defeated in primary.
2012 Nov 6:
David
Bradley (Rep), elected;
Matthew
Petre (Libertarian), defeated.
2012 May 29:
Dexter
Smith (Dem), nominated;
Rick
Soliz (Dem), defeated in primary.
2012 May 29:
Barbara
Cargill (Rep), nominated;
Linda
Ellis (Rep), defeated in primary.
2012 Nov 6:
Barbara
Cargill (Rep), elected;
Dexter
Smith (Dem), defeated.
2010 Nov 2:
Thomas
Ratliff (Rep), elected;
Jeff
McGee (Libertarian), defeated;
Paul
Cardwell (Green), defeated.
2012 May 29:
Thomas
Ratliff (Rep), nominated;
Randy
Stevenson (Rep), defeated in primary.
2012 Nov 6:
Thomas
Ratliff (Rep), elected;
Sherri
L. Little (Libertarian), defeated.
2010 Nov 2:
Marsha
Farney (Rep), elected;
Judy
Jennings (Dem), defeated;
Jessica
Dreesen (Libertarian), defeated.
2012 May 29:
Judy
Jennings (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2012 May 29:
Tom
Maynard (Rep), advanced to runoff;
Rebecca
Osborne (Rep), advanced to runoff;
Jeff
Fleece (Rep), defeated in primary.
2012 Jul 31:
Tom
Maynard (Rep), nominated;
Rebecca
Osborne (Rep), defeated in primary.
2012 Nov 6:
Tom
Maynard (Rep), elected;
Judy
Jennings (Dem), defeated.
2012 May 29:
Patricia
Hardy (Rep), nominated unopposed.
2012 Nov 6:
Patricia
Hardy (Rep), elected;
Jason
Darr (Libertarian), defeated.
2010 Nov 2:
George
M. Clayton (Rep), elected;
Amie
Parsons (Libertarian), defeated.
2012 May 29:
Lois
Parrott (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2012 May 29:
Geraldine
Miller (Rep), advanced to runoff;
Gail
Spurlock (Rep), advanced to runoff;
George
M. Clayton (Rep), defeated in primary;
Pam
Little (Rep), defeated in primary.
2012 Jul 31:
Geraldine
Miller (Rep), nominated;
Gail
Spurlock (Rep), defeated in primary.
2012 Nov 6:
Geraldine
Miller (Rep), elected;
Lois
Parrott (Dem), defeated.
2012 May 29:
Mavis
Best Knight (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2012 May 29:
S.
T. Russell (Rep), nominated unopposed.
2012 Nov 6:
Mavis
Best Knight (Dem), elected;
S.
T. Russell (Rep), defeated.
2012 May 29:
Sue
Melton (Rep), nominated;
Gail
Lowe (Rep), defeated in primary.
2012 Nov 6:
Sue
Melton (Rep), elected;
Stephen
Hawkins (Libertarian), defeated.
2010 Nov 2:
Bob
Craig (Rep), elected;
John
Pekowski (Libertarian), defeated.
2012 May 29:
Steven
D. Schafersman (Dem), nominated unopposed.
2012 May 29:
Marty
Rowley (Rep), nominated;
Anette
Carlisle (Rep), defeated in primary.
2012 Nov 6:
Marty
Rowley (Rep), elected;
Steven
D. Schafersman (Dem), defeated.
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