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List of Politicians Who Got Into Trouble or Disgrace
Very
incomplete!
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Originally this page was titled "Politicians who Died in Disgrace",
but it became difficult to define that. Did Richard Nixon die in
disgrace, when the President and other leaders praised him at his
funeral? So I broadened the scope to "trouble and disgrace," and to
include still-living figures.
In general, to qualify for listing here, mere rumor of scandal is not
enough. What's required is some kind of formal action, such as censure,
disbarment, impeachment, recall or expulsion from office, including
resignation under fire; or some kind of brush with the criminal justice
system, including arrest, indictment, conviction, or imprisonment. In a
few cases uncontested evidence of wrongdoing emerged after death.
Note that not all of these people deserved the trouble they were
in; sometimes charges were brought for purely political reasons, or they
were prosecuted for simply acting on their principles. Robert Morris,
signer of the Declaration of Independence, ended up in debtor's prison
because he went broke financing the American Revolution, for example, and
George Crockett was jailed for doing what most lawyers would consider his
ordinary job defending an unpopular client. Many other cases are not so
clear; I just list them here and let history decide.
Suggestions for additional entries to this list are humbly solicited.
in approximate chronological order
- Robert Alexander (c.1740-1805) — of Maryland. Born
in Elkton, Cecil
County, Md. Lawyer; Delegate
to Continental Congress from Maryland, 1775-76. Episcopalian.
When the Declaration of Independence was promulgated, he fled
from Maryland to the British Fleet; in 1780, he was adjudged
guilty of high treason, and his property was confiscated.
Died in London, England,
November
20, 1805. Burial
location unknown.
- Andrew Allen (1740-1825) — of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
County, Pa. Born in Philadelphia, Philadelphia
County, Pa., 1740.
Son of William Allen and Margaret (Hamilton) Allen; married, April 21,
1768, to Sally Coxe. Lawyer; Delegate
to Continental Congress from Pennsylvania, 1775-76. Disapproved
of the Declaration of Independence and withdrew from the Continental
Congress in June 1776; when the British Army entered New York, he
took the oath of allegiance to the King, and went to England; was
attainted of treason and his estates in Pennsylvania were
confiscated. Died in London, England,
March
7, 1825. Burial
location unknown.
- Joseph Galloway (1731-1803) — of Pennsylvania. Born
in West River, Anne Arundel
County, Md., 1731.
Member of Pennsylvania
state house of representatives, 1757-75; Delegate
to Continental Congress from Pennsylvania, 1774. Opposed
independence for the Colonies and remained loyal to King George;
joined the British Army; moved to England; in 1778, the General
Assembly of Pennsylvania convicted him of high treason and
confiscated his estates. Died in England,
August
29, 1803. Burial
location unknown.
- John Williams (1752-1806) — of New York. Born in
Barnstable, England,
1752.
Colonel in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary War; member
of New
York state senate Eastern District, 1777-78, 1782-95; member of
New
York state assembly from Charlotte County, 1781-82; U.S.
Representative from New York 9th District, 1795-99; county judge
in New York. Expelled for misconduct from the state senate in
1778. Died in Salem, Washington
County, N.Y., July 22,
1806. Interment at Salem
Cemetery, Salem, N.Y.
- Abraham Jones — of Richmond
County, N.Y. Member of New York
state assembly from Richmond County, 1777-78; removed 1778.
Expelled from the New York Assembly (his seat was declared
vacant) on June 8, 1778, for "being with the enemy.". Burial
location unknown.
- Isaac Low (1735-1791) — of New York. Born in Raritan
Landing (now part of Piscataway), Middlesex
County, N.J., April 13,
1735. Delegate
to Continental Congress from New York, 1774. Was opposed to armed
conflict with Great Britain; accused of treason and
imprisoned; his property was confiscated in 1779; moved
to England in 1783. Died in Cowes, Isle of Wight, England,
July
25, 1791. Burial
location unknown.
- Ephraim Paine (1730-1785) — of New York. Born in
Canterbury, Windham
County, Conn., August
19, 1730. County judge in New York, 1778-81; member of New York
state senate Middle District, 1779-81, 1782-85; Delegate
to Continental Congress from New York, 1784. Expelled from
the New York State Senate on March 15, 1781, for neglect of duty.
Died in Amenia, Dutchess
County, N.Y., August
10, 1785. Interment at Red
Meeting House Cemetery, Near Amenia, Dutchess County, N.Y.
- Henry Osborne (1751-1800) — of Philadelphia, Philadelphia
County, Pa.; Camden
County, Ga. Born in Ireland,
August
21, 1751. Delegate
to Continental Congress from Georgia, 1786; justice of
Georgia state supreme court, 1787-89; superior court judge in
Georgia, 1789-91. Removed from offices he held in Pennsylvania
in June 1783 following supreme executive council's determination that
that he was a bigamist; convicted by Georgia senate in
December 1791 of election fraud. Died in St. Simons Island, Glynn
County, Ga., November
9, 1800. Burial
location unknown.
- Memucan Hunt — of Granville
County, N.C. North
Carolina state treasurer, 1784-87. In 1786, charges of
misconduct were brought against him and heard by the Legislature in
joint session; two days later, he was defeated for re-election. Burial
location unknown.
- Matthew Lyon (1749-1822) — Born in County Wicklow,
Ireland,
July
14, 1749. Son-in-law of Thomas
Chittenden; father of Chittenden
Lyon; great-grandfather of William
Peters Hepburn. Served in the Continental Army during the
Revolutionary War; member of Vermont
state house of representatives, 1779-83; U.S.
Representative from Vermont 1st District, 1797-1801; member of Kentucky
state house of representatives, 1802; U.S.
Representative from Kentucky 1st District, 1803-11; defeated,
1810. Convicted and jailed in 1789 under the Sedition Act.
Died in Spadra Bluff, Johnson
County, Ark., August 1,
1822. Original interment at Spadra
Bluff Cemetery, Spadra Bluff, Ark.; reinterment in 1833 at Eddyville
Cemetery, Eddyville, Ky.
- Joseph Roffignac (1766-1846) — also known as
Louis Phillippe Joseph de Rouffignac — of New Orleans,
Orleans
Parish, La. Born in Antouleme, France,
1766.
Mayor
of New Orleans, La., 1820-28. French
ancestry. Fled France in 1789 to escape the guillotine.
Suffered a stroke,
and dropped the gun he was holding, which accidentally
discharged, shooting him in the head and killing him, in
Perigueux, France,
1846.
Burial
location unknown.
- William Blount (1749-1800) — Born in Windsor, Bertie
County, N.C., March 26,
1749. Son of Jacob Blount and Barbara (Gray) Blount; married, February
12, 1778, to Mary Grainger; brother of Thomas
Blount; half-brother of William
Blount (1767-1835); father of William
Grainger Blount. Member of North
Carolina house of commons, 1781, 1783; Delegate
to Continental Congress from North Carolina, 1782-83, 1786-87; member,
U.S. Constitutional Convention, 1787; member of North
Carolina state senate, 1788; Governor of
Southwest Territory, 1790-96; delegate to
Tennessee state constitutional convention, 1796; U.S.
Senator from Tennessee, 1796-97; member of Tennessee
state senate, 1798-1800; died in office 1800. Presbyterian.
Became involved in a conspiracy to turn Florida over to British
control; when this plot was uncovered in 1797, was expelled
from the U.S. Senate; afterwards, on July 7, 1797, he was
impeached, but the Senate dropped the matter for lack of
jurisdiction. Died in Knoxville, Knox
County, Tenn., March 21,
1800. Interment at First
Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Knoxville, Tenn. Blount counties
in Ala.
and Tenn.
are named for him.
- Robert Morris (1734-1806) — of Pennsylvania. Born in
Liverpool, England,
January
20, 1734. Father-in-law of James
Markham Marshall; father of Thomas
Morris. Delegate
to Continental Congress from Pennsylvania, 1776; signer,
Declaration of Independence, 1776; member of Pennsylvania
state house of representatives, 1785; member,
U.S. Constitutional Convention, 1787; U.S.
Senator from Pennsylvania, 1789-95. Episcopalian.
Financier of the American Revolution, but went broke in the process.
Imprisoned for debt from February 1798 to August 1801. His
portrait appeared on the U.S. $10
silver certificate in the 1870s and 1880s. Died in Philadelphia,
Philadelphia
County, Pa., May 8,
1806. Entombed at Christ
Church Burial Ground, Philadelphia, Pa.
- Joseph Hamilton Daviess (1774-1811) — also known as
Joe Daviess — of Danville, Boyle
County, Ky.; Lexington, Fayette
County, Ky. Born in Bedford
County, Va., March 4,
1774. Brother-in-law of John
Marshall. Lawyer; U.S.
District Attorney for Kentucky, 1800-06; major in the U.S. Army
during the War of 1812. Welsh
ancestry. Member, Freemasons.
Around 1801, he served as a second to John
Rowan in his duel
with James Chambers; after Chambers was killed, he fled to
avoid prosecution, and became a fugitive, but when
Rowan was arrested, he returned to act as Rowan's legal counsel. Shot and
killed in the Battle of Tippecanoe, in what is now Tippecanoe
County, Ind., November
7, 1811. Interment at Tippecanoe
Battlefield Park, Battle Ground, Ind. Daviess counties in Ind., Ky. and Mo., and Jo Daviess
County, Ill., are named for him.
- John Rowan (1773-1843) — of Kentucky. Born near
York, York
County, Pa., July 12,
1773. Uncle of Robert
Todd Lytle. Democrat. Lawyer; delegate to
Kentucky state constitutional convention, 1799; secretary of
state of Kentucky, 1804-08; U.S.
Representative from Kentucky 3rd District, 1807-09; member of Kentucky
state house of representatives, 1813-17, 1822-24; Judge,
Kentucky Court of Appeals, 1819-21; U.S.
Senator from Kentucky, 1825-31. Built the mansion "Federal Hill",
later made famous by his cousin, the songwriter Stephen Foster, in
the song "My Old Kentucky Home." Fought a duel
in c.1801 with an acquaintance, James Chambers, in which the latter
was killed; arrested and tried on murder charges, but
acquitted. Died in Louisville, Jefferson
County, Ky., July 13,
1843. Interment at Bardstown
Cemetery, Bardstown, Ky.
- Nathaniel Peabody (1741-1823) — of Atkinson, Rockingham
County, N.H. Born in Topsfield, Essex
County, Mass., March 1,
1741. Served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary
War; member of New
Hampshire state house of representatives, 1776-79, 1781-85,
1787-90, 1793-96; Delegate
to Continental Congress from New Hampshire, 1779-80, 1785; delegate
to New Hampshire state constitutional convention, 1782-83; member
of New
Hampshire Governor's Council, 1784-86; member of New
Hampshire state senate from Rockingham County, 1785-86, 1790-93.
Confined in a debtor's prison for about twenty years. Died in
Exeter, Rockingham
County, N.H., June 27,
1823. Burial
location unknown.
- Oliver Wolcott, Jr. (1760-1833) — of Litchfield, Litchfield
County, Conn. Born in Litchfield, Litchfield
County, Conn., January
11, 1760. Grandson of Roger
Wolcott; second cousin once removed of William
Pitkin and William
Wolcott Ellsworth; nephew by marriage of Matthew
Griswold (1714-1799); son of Oliver
Wolcott, Sr.; first cousin of Roger
Griswold; first cousin twice removed of Matthew
Griswold (1833-1919). Connecticut
state comptroller, 1788-90; U.S.
Secretary of the Treasury, 1795-1800; Governor of
Connecticut, 1817-27; delegate to
Connecticut state constitutional convention, 1818. Congregationalist.
Accused, by political adversaries in 1800, of setting fire to
the State Department, and resigned from the Cabinet in protest
against the investigation. Died in New York, New York
County, N.Y., June 1,
1833. Interment at East
Cemetery, Litchfield, Conn.
- Samuel Chase (1741-1811) — of Maryland. Born near
Princess Anne, Somerset
County, Md., April 17,
1741. Delegate
to Continental Congress from Maryland, 1774-78, 1781-82, 1783-85;
signer,
Declaration of Independence, 1776; state court judge in Maryland,
1788; Justice of
U.S. Supreme Court, 1796-1811; died in office 1811. Episcopalian.
Articles of impeachment were filed against him in 1804 on
charges of malfeasance in office; tried by the Senate in 1805
and acquitted of all charges. Died June 19,
1811. Interment at Old
St. Paul's Church Cemetery, Baltimore, Md.
- Benjamin Sebastian — of Kentucky. Judge,
Kentucky Court of Appeals, 1792-1806. Accused of being a paid
agent of Spain; the charge was investigated by the Kentucky
legislature, and he resigned in disgrace. Burial
location unknown.
- Aaron Burr (1756-1836) — of New York, New York
County, N.Y. Born in Newark, Essex
County, N.J., February
6, 1756. Nephew of Pierpont
Edwards; first cousin of Theodore
Dwight and Henry
Waggaman Edwards; father-in-law of Joseph
Alston. Democrat. Colonel in the Continental Army during the
Revolutionary War; lawyer;
member of New York
state assembly from New York County, 1784-85; New York
state attorney general, 1789-91; appointed 1789; U.S.
Senator from New York, 1791-97; Vice
President of the United States, 1801-05. Presbyterian.
Killed Alexander
Hamilton in a duel,
July 11, 1804. Tried for treason in 1807 and acquitted. Died,
after several strokes,
at the Winants or Port Richmond Hotel,
Port Richmond, Staten Island, Richmond
County, N.Y., September
14, 1836. Interment at Princeton
Cemetery, Princeton, N.J.
- Cross-reference: Jonathan
Dayton; Nathaniel
Pendleton; John
Smith; John
Tayler; Walter
D. Corrigan, Sr.; Cowles
Mead
- See also: congressional
biography.
- Books about Aaron Burr: Milton Lomask,
Aaron
Burr: The Years from Princeton to Vice President, 1756-1805 (out
of print); Milton Lomask, Aaron
Burr: The Conspiracy and Years of Exile, 1805-1836 (out of
print); Joseph Wheelan, Jefferson's
Vendetta : The Pursuit of Aaron Burr and the Judiciary; Buckner
F. Melton Jr., Aaron
Burr : Conspiracy to Treason; Thomas Fleming, Duel:
Alexander Hamilton, Aaron Burr, and the Future of America; Arnold
A. Rogow, A
Fatal Friendship: Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr
- Fiction about Aaron Burr: Gore Vidal, Burr
- Jonathan Dayton (1760-1824) — of New Jersey. Born in
Elizabeth, Union
County, N.J., October
16, 1760. Son of Elias
Dayton. Served in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary
War; member of New Jersey state legislature, 1786-87, 1790; Delegate
to Continental Congress from New Jersey, 1787-89; member,
U.S. Constitutional Convention, 1787; U.S.
Representative from New Jersey at-large, 1791-99; Speaker of
the U.S. House, 1795-99; U.S.
Senator from New Jersey, 1799-1805; member of New
Jersey state house of assembly, 1814-15. Episcopalian.
Member, Society
of the Cincinnati; Freemasons.
Arrested in 1807 on charges of conspiring with Aaron
Burr in treasonable projects; gave bail and was released, but
never brought to trial. Died in Elizabeth, Union
County, N.J., October
9, 1824. Entombed at St.
John's Churchyard, Elizabeth, N.J.
- John Smith (c.1735-1824) — of Ohio. Democrat. Member
of Northwest
Territory legislature, 1799-1803; delegate
to Ohio state constitutional convention from Hamilton County,
1802; U.S.
Senator from Ohio, 1803-08; resigned 1808. Indicted in
Richmond, Virginia, 1807 on charges of participating in
treasonous schemes with Aaron
Burr; the charges were dropped after Burr was acquitted. Later
that year, a Senate committee chaired by John
Quincy Adams recommended that Smith be expelled from the
Senate for his association with Burr. A trial was held in
April 1808; Smith was represented by Francis
Scott Key and Robert
Goodloe Harper. The expulsion resolution failed on a vote
of 19 to 10, one vote short of the two-thirds required. Died in St.
Francisville, West
Feliciana Parish, La., July 30,
1824. Burial
location unknown.
- Timothy Pickering (1745-1829) — of Salem, Essex
County, Mass.; Luzerne
County, Pa.; Philadelphia, Philadelphia
County, Pa. Born in Salem, Essex
County, Mass., July 17,
1745. Son of Timothy Pickering and Mary (Wingate) Pickering;
married, April 8,
1776, to Rebecca White (1754-1828). Farmer;
Essex County Register of Deeds, 1774-77; common pleas court judge in
Massachusetts, 1775, 1802-03; member of Massachusetts state
legislature, 1776; colonel in the Continental Army during the
Revolutionary War; delegate to
Pennsylvania state constitutional convention, 1789; U.S.
Postmaster General, 1791-95; U.S.
Secretary of War, 1795; U.S.
Secretary of State, 1795-1800; U.S.
Senator from Massachusetts, 1803-11; U.S.
Representative from Massachusetts, 1813-17 (at-large 1813-15, 2nd
District 1815-17); member of Massachusetts
Governor's Council, 1817-18. Unitarian.
Member, Society
of the Cincinnati. Censured by the Senate in 1811 for
violating an injunction of secrecy. Died in Salem, Essex
County, Mass., January
29, 1829. Interment at Broad
Street Cemetery, Salem, Mass.
- William Hull (1753-1825) — Born in Derby, New Haven
County, Conn., June 24,
1753. Colonel in the Continental Army during the Revolutionary
War; member of Massachusetts
state senate, 1798-1805; Governor of
Michigan Territory, 1805-12; general in the U.S. Army during the
War of 1812. Following his surrender of Detroit to the British in
1812, was found guilty by a court-martial of cowardice,
neglect of duty, and unofficerlike conduct, and sentenced to
death; President Madison accepted this decision but remitted the
sentence. Died in Newton, Middlesex
County, Mass., November
29, 1825. Interment at Newton
Cemetery, Newton, Mass.
- Albert Lange (1801-1869) — of Terre Haute, Vigo
County, Ind. Born in Charlottenburg, Prussia (now part of Berlin,
Germany),
December
16, 1801. Republican. U.S. Consul in Amsterdam, 1849-50; Indiana
state auditor, 1861-63; mayor
of Terre Haute, Ind., 1863-67. He belonged to a secret society
which advocated a constitutional government for the German Empire; in
1824, the conspiracy was uncovered; he was convicted of
treason and sentenced to fifteen years in prison; pardoned
in 1829, and left Germany for the United States. A Terre Haute public
school was named for
him in 1900. Died in Terre Haute, Vigo
County, Ind., July 25,
1869. Interment at Woodlawn
Cemetery, Terre Haute, Ind.
- Henry Stuart Foote (1804-1880) — Born in Fauquier
County, Va., February
28, 1804. U.S.
Senator from Mississippi, 1847-52; Governor of
Mississippi, 1852-54; Representative
from Tennessee in the Confederate Congress, 1862-65. Fought four
duels;
left Alabama in 1830 to escape prosecution for duelling.
Exchanged blows with Thomas
Hart Benton on the floor of the U.S. Senate. Expelled
from the Confederate Congress in early 1865 for going North on an
unauthorized peace mission. Died in Nashville, Davidson
County, Tenn., May 19,
1880. Interment at Mt.
Olivet Cemetery, Nashville, Tenn.
- John Henry Eaton (1790-1856) — of Nashville, Davidson
County, Tenn. Born near Scotland Neck, Halifax
County, N.C., June 18,
1790. Democrat. Lawyer;
served in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812; member of Tennessee
state house of representatives, 1815-16; U.S.
Senator from Tennessee, 1818-21, 1821-29; U.S.
Secretary of War, 1829-31; Governor of
Florida Territory, 1834-36; U.S. Minister to Spain, 1836-40. Member, Freemasons.
Resigned from Cabinet in 1831 over scandal concerning
his second wife, Peggy. Died in Washington,
D.C., November
17, 1856. Interment at Oak
Hill Cemetery, Washington, D.C. Eaton County,
Mich. is named for him.
- Robert Potter (c.1800-1842) — of Oxford, Granville
County, N.C. Born near Williamsboro, Vance
County, N.C. Member of North
Carolina state house of representatives, 1826, 1834-35; U.S.
Representative from North Carolina 6th District, 1829-31; delegate
to Texas Republic Republic constitutional convention from
District of Nacogdoches, 1836; signer,
Texas Declaration of Independence, 1836; Texas
Republic Secretary of the Navy, 1836; member of Texas
Republic Senate from District of Red River and Fannin, 1840-42;
died in office 1842. Resigned from the U.S. Congress in 1831
after maiming two men in a jealous rage; convicted, and
sentenced to six months in prison. Expelled in
1835 from the North Carolina House for "cheating at cards". Shot and
killed by members of an opposing faction who surrounded his home,
in Harrison County (part now in Marion
County), Tex., March 2,
1842. Original interment at a
private or family graveyard, Marion County, Tex.; reinterment in
1928 at Texas
State Cemetery, Austin, Tex. Potter County,
Tex. is named for him.
- Stephen Fuller Austin (1793-1836) — also known as
Stephen F. Austin; "Father of Texas" —
Born in Wythe
County, Va., November
3, 1793. Son of Moses Austin and Maria (Brown) Austin. Member of
Missouri
territorial legislature, 1814-19; delegate
to Texas Convention of 1832 from District of San Felipe de
Austin, 1832; took petition to Mexico City for the establishment of
Texas as a separate Mexican state, 1832; charged with
attempting revolution, and imprisoned until 1835; delegate
to Texas Convention of 1833 from District of Austin, 1833; delegate
to Texas Consultation of 1835 from District of San Felipe de
Austin, 1835; candidate for President
of the Texas Republic, 1836; Texas
Republic Secretary of State, 1836; died in office 1836. Member,
Freemasons.
The city of Austin, Texas, is named for
him. Died of pneumonia,
in Brazoria
County, Tex., December
27, 1836. Original interment at Peach
Point Cemetery, Gulf Prairie, Tex.; reinterment in 1910 at Texas
State Cemetery, Austin, Tex. Austin County,
Tex. is named for him.
- William Stanbery (1788-1873) — of Newark, Licking
County, Ohio. Born in Essex
County, N.J., August
10, 1788. Lawyer;
member of Ohio state
senate, 1824-25; U.S.
Representative from Ohio 8th District, 1827-33; censured
by the Congress for use of unparliamentary language, July 11, 1832.
Died in Newark, Licking
County, Ohio, January
23, 1873. Interment at Cedar
Hill Cemetery, Newark, Ohio.
- Andrew Jackson (1767-1845) — also known as
"Old Hickory"; "The Farmer of
Tennessee"; "King Andrew the First" —
of Tennessee. Born, in a log
cabin, in The Waxhaws, Lancaster
County, S.C., March 15,
1767. Son of Andrew Jackson and Elizabeth (Hutchinson) Jackson;
married to Rachel (Donelson) Robards; uncle of Andrew
Jackson Donelson. Democrat. Lawyer; U.S.
Representative from Tennessee at-large, 1796-97; U.S.
Senator from Tennessee, 1797-98, 1823-25; justice of
Tennessee state supreme court, 1798; general in the U.S. Army
during the War of 1812; Governor of
Florida Territory, 1821; President
of the United States, 1829-37. Presbyterian.
Member, Freemasons.
Killed Charles Dickinson in a pistol duel,
May 30, 1806; also duelled
with Thomas
Hart Benton. Censured by the U.S. Senate in 1834 over his
removal of federal deposits from the Bank of the United States. On
January 30, 1835, while attending funeral services at the Capitol
Building for Rep. Warren
R. Davis of South Carolina, he was shot
at with two guns -- which both misfired -- by Richard Lawrence, a
house painter (later found not guilty by reason of insanity). Died,
in Nashville, Davidson
County, Tenn., June 8,
1845. Elected to the Hall
of Fame for Great Americans in 1910 His portrait appears on the
U.S. $20
bill; from the 1860s until 1927, his portrait appeared on U.S. notes
and certificates of various denominations from $5
to $10,000. In 1861, his portrait appeared on Confederate States
$1,000
notes. Interment at The
Hermitage, Nashville, Tenn. Jackson counties in Ala., Ark., Colo., Fla., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kan., Ky., La., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Ore., Tenn., Tex., W.Va. and Wis., and Hickory County,
Mo., are named for him.
- See also: congressional
biography.
- Books about Andrew Jackson: Robert
Vincent Remini, The
Life of Andrew Jackson; Robert Vincent Remini, Andrew
Jackson : The Course of American Freedom, 1822-1832; Robert
Vincent Remini, Andrew
Jackson : The Course of American Democracy, 1833-1845; Robert
Vincent Remini, Andrew
Jackson : The Course of American Empire, 1767-1821; Andrew
Burstein, The
Passions of Andrew Jackson; David S. Heidler & Jeanne T. Heidler,
Old
Hickory's War: Andrew Jackson and the Quest for Empire; Donald B.
Cole, The
Presidency of Andrew Jackson
- Henry Smith (1788-1851) — of Texas. Born in
Kentucky, May 20,
1788. Son of James Smith and Magdalen (Woods) Smith. Delegate
to Texas Consultation of 1835 from District of Columbia, 1835; Provisional
Governor of Texas, 1835-36; impeached as governor by the
provisional council in 1836; Texas
Republic Secretary of the Treasury, 1836-38; member of Texas
Republic House of Representatives, 1840; went
to California for the 1849 Gold Rush. Died in Los Angeles
County, Calif., March 4,
1851. Burial
location unknown.
- Robert Wilson (1793-1856) — also known as
"Honest Bob" — of Texas. Born in Easton, Talbot
County, Md., December
7, 1793. Served in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812; delegate
to Texas Convention of 1832 from District of San Jacinto, 1832;
served in the Texas Army during the Texas War of Independence; member
of Texas
Republic Senate from District of Harrisburg and Liberty, 1836-38,
1839; candidate for President
of the Texas Republic, 1838, 1843; delegate
to Texas state constitutional convention, 1845. Member, Freemasons.
Expelled from Texas Republic Senate, December 26, 1838, for
using profanity and disclosing secrecy; subsequently returned to
office. Died May 25,
1856. Original interment in private or family graveyard;
reinterment at Glenwood
Cemetery, Houston, Tex.
- Charles Franklin Mitchell (1806-1865) — of Lockport,
Niagara
County, N.Y. Born in Bucks
County, Pa., February
18, 1806. U.S.
Representative from New York 33rd District, 1837-41.
Convicted of forgery in 1841 and sentenced to Sing Sing
prison in New York; pardoned due to ill health; moved to Ohio. Died
in Cincinnati, Hamilton
County, Ohio, September
27, 1865. Interment at Spring
Grove Cemetery, Cincinnati, Ohio.
- Samuel W. Davies (c.1776-1843) — of Cincinnati, Hamilton
County, Ohio. Born in England.
Mayor
of Cincinnati, Ohio, 1833-43. Tried by the city council
for mishandling a bank riot in 1842, and found guilty, but
excused due to poor health. Died December
22, 1843. Burial
location unknown.
- John M. Hansford (c.1800-1844) — of Texas. Member of
Texas
Republic House of Representatives, 1838-40; judge of Texas
Republic, 1840-42. Resigned as judge in 1842 while being
impeached over his handling of a trial arising out of the
"Regulator-Moderator War" in East Texas. Killed by
members of the Regulators who had seized his home, in Texas, 1844.
Burial
location unknown. Hansford County,
Tex. is named for him.
- Cassius Marcellus Clay (1810-1903) — also known as
Cassius M. Clay; "The Lion of White Hall"
— of Madison
County, Ky. Born in Madison
County, Ky., October
19, 1810. Nephew of Matthew
Clay (1754-1815); son of Green
Clay; second cousin of Henry
Clay (1777-1852) and Porter
Clay; third cousin of Clement
Comer Clay; first cousin of Matthew
Clay (1795?-1827); second cousin once removed of Thomas
Hart Clay and James
Brown Clay; brother of Brutus
Junius Clay (1808-1878); third cousin once removed of Clement
Claiborne Clay, Jr.; uncle of William
Cassius Goodloe; father of Brutus
Junius Clay (1847-1932); second cousin twice removed of Henry
Clay (1849-1884). Republican. Probably the best-known Southern
emancipationist; freed his own slaves in 1844 and edited the only
Southern antislavery newspaper
in 1845-47.; member of Kentucky
state house of representatives, 1835-37, 1840; shot
point-blank during a speech in 1843, he used a Bowie knife to cut off
the attacker's ear and nose and cut out one eye; tried for
mayhem and found not guilty; served in the U.S. Army during the
Mexican War; candidate for Republican nomination for Vice President,
1860;
U.S. Minister to Russia, 1861-62, 1863-69; general in the Union Army during the
Civil War. Died, of kidney
failure, in Madison
County, Ky., July 22,
1903. Interment at Richmond
Cemetery, Richmond, Ky.
- Louis P. Cooke (1811-1849) — of Texas. Born in
Tennessee, 1811.
Colonel in the Texas Army during the Texas War of Independence;
member of Texas
Republic House of Representatives, 1838-39, 1841-42; Texas
Republic Secretary of the Navy, 1839-41. Charged in 1843
with the murder of Captain Mark Lewis; at trial, the jury deadlocked,
and he escaped before a second trial could be held. Wounded
in an Indian raid on Corpus Christi in 1844 and lost an
eye. Died, of cholera,
in Brownsville, Cameron
County, Tex., 1849.
Interment somewhere
in New Orleans, La.
- John Tyler (1790-1862) — also known as "The
Accidental President" — of Virginia. Born in Charles City
County, Va., March 29,
1790. Son of John
Tyler (1747-1813) and Mary (Armistead) Tyler; son-in-law of David
Gardiner; married, March 20,
1813, to Letitia Christian and Julia Gardiner; father of David
Gardiner Tyler. Whig. Lawyer;
member of Virginia
state house of delegates, 1811-16, 1823-25, 1839-40; served in
the U.S. Army during the War of 1812; U.S.
Representative from Virginia 23rd District, 1817-21; Governor of
Virginia, 1825-27; U.S.
Senator from Virginia, 1827-36; delegate to
Virginia state constitutional convention, 1829-30; Vice
President of the United States, 1841; defeated, 1836; President
of the United States, 1841-45; delegate
to Virginia secession convention, 1861; Delegate
from Virginia to the Confederate Provisional Congress, 1861-62;
died in office 1862. Episcopalian.
A bill to impeach him was defeated in the House of
Representatives in January 1843. Died in a hotel
room, Richmond,
Va., January
18, 1862. Interment at Hollywood
Cemetery, Richmond, Va. Tyler County,
Tex. is named for him.
- Benjamin Tappan (1773-1857) — of Ohio. Born in
Northampton, Hampshire
County, Mass., May 25,
1773. Democrat. Lawyer;
member of Ohio state
senate, 1803-05; served in the U.S. Army during the War of 1812;
common pleas court judge in Ohio, 1816-23; candidate for Governor of
Ohio, 1826; Presidential Elector for Ohio, 1832;
Judge of
U.S. District Court for Ohio, 1833; U.S.
Senator from Ohio, 1839-45. Censured by the Senate on May
10, 1844, over his disclosure to the New York Evening Post of a
secret message from President John
Tyler outlining terms for the annexation of Texas. Died in
Steubenville, Jefferson
County, Ohio, April 20,
1857. Interment at Union
Cemetery, Steubenville, Ohio.
- Michael Walsh (1810-1859) — of New York. Born in
Youghal, County Cork, Ireland,
May 4,
1810. Democrat. Member of New York
state assembly, 1839, 1846-48; convicted about 1845 for
publication of a libel; U.S.
Representative from New York 4th District, 1853-55. Died in New
York, New York
County, N.Y., March 17,
1859. Interment at Green-Wood
Cemetery, Brooklyn, N.Y.
- John Louis Hargis (1802-1886) — also known as
"Bally John" — of Jackson, Breathitt
County, Ky.; Morehead, Rowan
County, Ky. Born in Washington
County, Va., March 4,
1802. Uncle of John
Seldon Hargis; father-in-law of Archibald
Calloway Cope; father of Thomas
Frazier Hargis; granduncle of Alexander
Hamilton Hargis and James
Henderson Hargis. Lawyer; delegate to
Kentucky state constitutional convention, 1849; member of Kentucky
state house of representatives, 1855-57. Removed from
office as Breathitt County Court Clerk in 1846 over unspecified
charges against him. Died in Morehead, Rowan
County, Ky., April 2,
1886. Interment somewhere
in Morehead, Ky.
- Joseph Barker (c.1806-1862) — of Pittsburgh, Allegheny
County, Pa. Born in Allegheny
County, Pa. Mayor
of Pittsburgh, Pa., 1850-51; defeated, 1851, 1852. In 1849, after
an anti-Catholic speech, he was arrested, charged with
using obscene language, obstructing the streets, and causing a riot,
convicted, and sentenced to a year in prison;
elected mayor in 1850 while still incarcerated. While mayor, he was
twice arrested on charges of assault and battery. In
1851, he was convicted of riot. Struck and killed by a railroad
train, in Ross Township, Allegheny
County, Pa., August 2,
1862. Interment at Allegheny
Cemetery, Pittsburgh, Pa.
- Lorenzo Brentano (1813-1891) — also known as
Lorenz Brentano — of Chicago, Cook
County, Ill. Born in Germany,
November
4, 1813. Father of Theodore
Brentano. Republican. Member of Illinois
state house of representatives 61st District, 1863-65; delegate
to Republican National Convention from Illinois, 1864;
Presidential Elector for Illinois, 1868;
U.S. Consul in Dresden, 1874; U.S.
Representative from Illinois 3rd District, 1877-79.
Sentenced to life imprisonment for his role in a German
revolution in 1849, but escaped to the United States. Died in
Chicago, Cook
County, Ill., September
18, 1891. Interment at Graceland
Cemetery, Chicago, Ill.
- John Louis O'Sullivan (1813-1895) — also known as
John L. O'Sullivan — of New York, New York
County, N.Y. Born, of American parents, in the North
Atlantic Ocean off the coast of Gibraltar, November
15, 1813. Democrat. Member of New York
state assembly, 1841-42; delegate to Democratic National
Convention from New York, 1844;
U.S. Charge d'Affaires to Portugal, 1854; U.S. Minister to Portugal, 1854-58. Episcopalian;
later Catholic.
Cofounder and editor of The United States Magazine
and Democratic Review, a journal that published the works of
Emerson, Hawthorne and Whitman, as well as political essays on
Jacksonian Democracy, 1837-46. Early advocate in 1840s for abolition
of the death penalty. Invented the term "manifest destiny" to explain
and justify the westward expansion of the United States. Took part in
the failed expedition of Narcisco Lopez to take Cuba from Spanish
rule; as a result, was charged in federal court in New York
with violation of the Neutrality Act; tried and acquitted in
March 1852. Died, of influenza
and the effects of an earlier stroke, in
a residential hotel in
New York, New York
County, N.Y., March 24,
1895. Interment at Moravian
Cemetery, New Dorp, Staten Island, N.Y.
- Albert Lewis Stuart (1819-1876) — also known as
Albert L. Stuart — Born in Connecticut, June 25,
1819. Great-grandson of Marlin Stuart (pro baseball player). Lawyer;
member of Arkansas
state house of representatives, 1850-51. Methodist.
During an election dispute in Gainsville, Ark., in the early 1850s,
he shot and killed Riley Vaughn; charged with murder,
tried, and acquitted. Died in Powell Township, Craighead
County, Ark., March 16,
1876. Interment at Woods
Chapel Methodist Church Cemetery, Paragould, Ark.
- Preston Smith Brooks (1819-1857) — also known as
Preston S. Brooks — of South Carolina. Born in
Edgefield, Edgefield District (now Edgefield
County), S.C., August 5,
1819. Son of Whitefield Brooks and Mary P. (Carroll) Brooks;
cousin of Milledge
Luke Bonham; married 1841 to
Caroline Means and Martha Means. Lawyer;
member of South
Carolina state house of representatives, 1844; U.S.
Representative from South Carolina 4th District, 1853-56,
1856-57; died in office 1857. Wounded in a duel
with Louis
T. Wigfall in the 1840s. In May, 1856, furious over an
anti-slavery speech, he went to the Senate and beat Senator Charles
Sumner with a cane, causing severe injuries; an attempt to
expel him from Congress failed for lack of the necessary
two-thirds vote, but he resigned; re-elected to his own
vacancy. Died in Washington,
D.C., January
27, 1857. Interment at Willow
Brook Cemetery, Edgefield, S.C.; cenotaph at Congressional
Cemetery, Washington, D.C. Brooks County,
Ga. is named for him.
- Laurence Massillon Keitt (1824-1864) — of South
Carolina. Born in Orangeburg
County, S.C., October
4, 1824. Democrat. Member of South
Carolina state house of representatives, 1848; U.S.
Representative from South Carolina 3rd District, 1853-55,
1855-56, 1856-60; censured by the House in 1856 for aiding
Rep. Preston S. Brooks in his caning
attack on Sen. Charles Sumner; resigned;
re-elected to his seat within a month; Delegate
from South Carolina to the Confederate Provisional Congress,
1861-62; colonel in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. Mortally
wounded at the battle of Cold Harbor, and died the next day, near
Richmond (unknown
county), Va., June 4,
1864. Interment in private or family graveyard.
- Henry Everard Peck (1821-1867) — also known as H.
E. Peck — of Oberlin, Lorain
County, Ohio. Born in Rochester, Monroe
County, N.Y., July 20,
1821. College
professor; U.S. Diplomatic Commissioner to Haiti, 1865-66; U.S. Minister to Haiti, 1866-67, died in office 1867. Abolitionist; involved in
rescue of an escaping slave in Wellington, near Oberlin, Ohio, in
September 1858; among the 20 men who were arrested and
charged with "infringement of the Fugitive Slave Law"; the
trial ended when the slave catchers were indicted for
kidnapping. Died, of yellow
fever, in Haiti,
June
9, 1867. Interment somewhere
in Oberlin, Ohio.
- Daniel Edgar Sickles (1819-1914) — also known as
Daniel E. Sickles; "Devil Dan" — of New
York. Born in New York, New York
County, N.Y., October
20, 1819. Republican. Lawyer;
member of New York
state assembly, 1847; member of New York
state senate 3rd District, 1856-57; U.S.
Representative from New York, 1857-61, 1893-95 (3rd District
1857-61, 10th District 1893-95); defeated, 1894; general in the Union
Army during the Civil War; delegate to Republican National Convention
from New York, 1868;
U.S. Minister to Spain, 1869-74. Member, Grand
Army of the Republic. Shot and killed Philip
Barton Key, his wife's lover and the son of the author of the
national anthem, at Lafayette Park, Washington, D.C, 1859;
charged with murder, but with the help of his attorney Edwin
M. Stanton, was acquitted after the first
successful plea of temporary insanity in U.S. legal history.
Received the Medal
of Honor in 1897 for action at the Battle of Gettysburg, July 2,
1863; lost a
leg in that battle; his amputated leg was displayed at the Army
Medical Museum, where he frequently visited it in later years. Died
in New York, New York
County, N.Y., May 3,
1914. Interment at Arlington
National Cemetery, Arlington, Va.
- David Smith Terry (1823-1889) — also known as
David S. Terry — of San
Francisco, Calif.; Stockton, San Joaquin
County, Calif. Born in Christian County (part now in Todd
County), Ky., March 8,
1823. Justice of
California state supreme court, 1855-59; chief
justice of California state supreme court, 1857-59; delegate to
California state constitutional convention, 1878-79. Killed
U.S. Senator David
C. Broderick in a duel
near San Francisco in 1859; tried and acquitted for murder. Shot and
killed by the bodyguard of U.S. Supreme Court Justice Stephen
J. Field, whom he had confronted and slapped, in the train
station restaurant
at Lathrop, San Joaquin
County, Calif., August
14, 1889. Interment at Stockton
Rural Cemetery, Stockton, Calif.
- George William Brown (1812-1890) — of Baltimore,
Md. Born in Baltimore,
Md., October
13, 1812. Mayor
of Baltimore, Md., 1860-61; delegate to
Maryland state constitutional convention, 1867; municipal judge
in Maryland, 1872. His term as mayor was cut short on September 12,
1861, when he was arrested and imprisoned by Federal
authorities. Died September
8, 1890. Burial
location unknown.
- John W. Dawson (1820-1877) — of Fort Wayne, Allen
County, Ind. Born in Cambridge, Dearborn
County, Ind., October
21, 1820. Candidate for Indiana
state house of representatives, 1854; candidate for secretary of
state of Indiana, 1856; candidate for U.S.
Representative from Indiana, 1858; Governor of
Utah Territory, 1861. In December, 1861, after less than a month
as territorial governor, fled Utah amid controversy and
scandal. Just east of Salt Lake City, he was attacked by
three men and badly injured. Died in Indiana, September
10, 1877. Interment at Lindenwood
Cemetery, Fort Wayne, Ind.
- Alfred Ely (1815-1892) — of Rochester, Monroe
County, N.Y. Born in Lyme, New London
County, Conn., February
15, 1815. Republican. U.S.
Representative from New York 29th District, 1859-63. While
witnessing the Battle of Bull Run in 1861, was captured by the
Confederates, and imprisoned at Richmond for several months;
released in exchange for Charles
J. Faulkner. Died in Rochester, Monroe
County, N.Y., May 18,
1892. Entombed at Mt.
Hope Cemetery, Rochester, N.Y.
- Charles James Faulkner (1806-1884) — also known as
Charles J. Faulkner — Born in Martinsburg, Berkeley
County, Va. (now W.Va.), July 6,
1806. Father of Charles
James Faulkner (1847-1929). Democrat. Member of Virginia
state house of delegates, 1829-34, 1848-49; member of Virginia
state senate, 1838-42; delegate to
Virginia state constitutional convention, 1850; U.S.
Representative from Virginia, 1851-59 (10th District 1851-53, 8th
District 1853-59); U.S. Minister to France, 1860; general in the Confederate Army during the Civil
War; delegate to
West Virginia state constitutional convention, 1872; U.S.
Representative from West Virginia 2nd District, 1875-77. On his
return from France in August 1861, was detained as a
prisoner of state on charges of negotiating arms sales
for the Confederacy while in Paris; released in December 1861 and
negotiated his own exchange for Alfred
Ely, a a Congressman from New York who had been taken prisoner by
the Confederates at Bull Run. Died near Martinsburg, Berkeley
County, W.Va., November
1, 1884. Interment at a
private or family graveyard, Berkeley County, W.Va.
- George Wallace Jones (1804-1896) — also known as
George W. Jones — of Dubuque, Dubuque
County, Iowa. Born in Vincennes, Knox
County, Ind., April 12,
1804. Son of John
Rice Jones (1760?-1824); brother of Myers
F. Jones and John
Rice Jones (1792-1845); brother-in-law of John
Scott and Andrew
Scott; uncle of John
Rice Homer Scott. Democrat. Lawyer;
served in the U.S. Army during the Black Hawk War; Delegate
to U.S. Congress from Michigan Territory, 1835-36; Delegate
to U.S. Congress from Wisconsin Territory, 1836-39; U.S.
Senator from Iowa, 1848-59; U.S. Minister to New Grenada, 1859-61. In 1861, was arrested in New York
City by order of Secretary of State William
H. Seward on a charge of disloyalty, based on
correspondence with his friend Jefferson
Davis; imprisoned for 64 days; released by order of
President Abraham
Lincoln. Died in Dubuque, Dubuque
County, Iowa, July 22,
1896. Interment at Mt.
Olivet Cemetery, Dubuque, Iowa. Jones County,
Iowa is named for him.
- George Proctor Kane (1820-1878) — of Baltimore,
Md. Born in Baltimore,
Md., 1820.
Collector of the Port of Baltimore, 1849; as Baltimore Marshal of
Police in 1861, he opposed the movement of Union troops through
Baltimore; on June 27, he was arrested by Federal soldiers and
imprisoned in Fort Warren for fourteen months; mayor
of Baltimore, Md., 1877-78; died in office 1878. Died June 23,
1878. Burial
location unknown.
- Waldo Porter Johnson (1817-1885) — also known as
Waldo P. Johnson — of Missouri. Born in Bridgeport, Harrison
County, Va. (now W.Va.), September
16, 1817. Nephew of Joseph
Johnson. Democrat. Lawyer;
served in the U.S. Army during the Mexican War; member of Missouri
state house of representatives, 1847; state court judge in
Missouri, 1851; U.S.
Senator from Missouri, 1861-62; colonel in the Confederate Army
during the Civil War; Senator
from Missouri in the Confederate Congress, 1863-65; delegate
to Missouri state constitutional convention 15th District, 1875.
Expelled from the U.S. Senate on January 10, 1862 over his
support for secession. Died in Osceola, St. Clair
County, Mo., August
14, 1885. Interment at Forest
Hill Cemetery, Kansas City, Mo.
- Thomas Bragg (1810-1872) — of Northampton
County, N.C. Born in Warrenton, Warren
County, N.C., November
9, 1810. Democrat. Lawyer;
member of North
Carolina state house of representatives, 1842; Governor of
North Carolina, 1855-59; U.S.
Senator from North Carolina, 1859-61; Confederate
Attorney General, 1861-62. Presbyterian.
When the Civil War began, he left Washington but did not resign his
seat in the Senate; one of ten Southern senators expelled in
absentia on July 11, 1861. Died in Raleigh, Wake
County, N.C., January
21, 1872. Interment at Oakwood
Cemetery, Raleigh, N.C.
- James Chesnut, Jr. (1815-1885) — of South Carolina.
Born near Camden, Kershaw
County, S.C., January
18, 1815. Son-in-law of Stephen
Decatur Miller. Democrat. Member of South
Carolina state house of representatives, 1842; member of South
Carolina state senate, 1854; U.S.
Senator from South Carolina, 1858-60; delegate
to South Carolina secession convention, 1861; Delegate
from South Carolina to the Confederate Provisional Congress,
1861-62; candidate for Senator
from South Carolina in the Confederate Congress, 1861; general in
the Confederate Army during the Civil War; delegate to Democratic
National Convention from South Carolina, 1868.
When the Civil War began, he left Washington but did not resign his
seat in the Senate; one of ten Southern senators expelled in
absentia on July 11, 1861. Died in Camden, Kershaw
County, S.C., February
1, 1885. Interment at Knights
Hill Cemetery, Camden, S.C.
- Thomas Lanier Clingman (1812-1897) — also known as
Thomas L. Clingman; "The Prince of
Politicians" — of Asheville, Buncombe
County, N.C. Born in Huntsville (unknown
county), N.C., July 27,
1812. Democrat. Member of North Carolina state legislature; U.S.
Representative from North Carolina, 1843-45, 1847-58 (1st
District 1843-45, 1847-53, 8th District 1853-58); U.S.
Senator from North Carolina, 1858-61; delegate to Democratic
National Convention from North Carolina, 1868,
1876.
When the Civil War began, he left Washington but did not resign his
seat in the Senate; one of ten Southern senators expelled in
absentia on July 11, 1861. Clingman's Dome in the Great Smoky
Mountains is named for him. Died in Morganton, Burke
County, N.C., November
3, 1897. Interment at Riverside
Cemetery, Asheville, N.C.
- John Hemphill (1803-1862) — of Texas. Born in Chester
County, S.C., December
18, 1803. Uncle of John
James Hemphill; great-granduncle of Robert
Witherspoon Hemphill. Judge of Texas Republic, 1840; justice of
Texas state supreme court, 1846-58; U.S.
Senator from Texas, 1859-61; Delegate
from Texas to the Confederate Provisional Congress, 1861-62; died
in office 1862; candidate for Senator
from Texas in the Confederate Congress, 1861. When the Civil War
began, he left Washington but did not resign his seat in the Senate;
one of ten Southern senators expelled in absentia on July 11,
1861. Died in Richmond,
Va., January
7, 1862. Interment at Texas
State Cemetery, Austin, Tex. Hemphill County,
Tex. is named for him.
- Robert Mercer Taliaferro Hunter (1809-1887) — also
known as Robert M. T. Hunter — of Virginia. Born near
Loretto, Essex
County, Va., April 21,
1809. Uncle of Muscoe
Russell Hunter Garnett. Democrat. Lawyer;
member of Virginia
state house of delegates, 1834-35; member of Virginia
state senate, 1835-37; U.S.
Representative from Virginia, 1837-43, 1845-47 (8th District
1837-39, 12th District 1839-41, 9th District 1841-43, 8th District
1845-47); Speaker of
the U.S. House, 1839-41; U.S.
Senator from Virginia, 1847-61; candidate for Democratic
nomination for President, 1860;
Delegate
from Virginia to the Confederate Provisional Congress, 1861-62;
Confederate
Secretary of State, 1861-62; Senator
from Virginia in the Confederate Congress, 1862-65; delegate to
Virginia state constitutional convention, 1867-68; Virginia
state treasurer, 1874-80. When the Civil War began, he left
Washington but did not resign his seat in the Senate; he was one of
ten Southern senators expelled in absentia on July 11, 1861.
His portrait appeared on Confederate States $10
notes in 1861-64. Arrested in 1865 and imprisoned
without trial by federal forces in Fort Pulaski, Tennessee, until
1866. Died in Essex
County, Va., July 18,
1887. Interment at a
private or family graveyard, Essex County, Va.
- James Murray Mason (1798-1871) — also known as
James M. Mason — of Virginia. Born in Georgetown, Washington,
D.C., November
3, 1798. Grandson of George
Mason. Member of Virginia
state house of delegates, 1826; delegate to
Virginia state constitutional convention, 1829; U.S.
Representative from Virginia 12th District, 1837-39; U.S.
Senator from Virginia, 1847-61; Delegate
from Virginia to the Confederate Provisional Congress, 1861; Confederate
States Envoy to England, 1861. Author of the Fugitive Slave Law.
When the Civil War began, he left Washington but did not resign his
seat in the Senate; one of ten Southern senators expelled in
absentia on July 11, 1861. Died April 28,
1871. Interment at Christ
Church Episcopal Cemetery, Alexandria, Va.
- Charles Burton Mitchel (1815-1864) — also known as
Charles B. Mitchel — of Arkansas. Born in Gallatin, Sumner
County, Tenn., September
19, 1815. Democrat. Member of Arkansas state legislature, 1848;
candidate for U.S.
Representative from Arkansas, 1860; U.S.
Senator from Arkansas, 1861; Senator
from Arkansas in the Confederate Congress, 1862-64; died in
office 1864. When the Civil War began, he left Washington but did not
resign his seat in the Senate; one of ten Southern senators
expelled in absentia on July 11, 1861. Died in Little Rock, Pulaski
County, Ark., September
20, 1864. Interment at Presbyterian
Cemetery, Washington, Ark.
- Alfred Osborn Pope Nicholson (1808-1876) — also
known as A. O. P. Nicholson — of Tennessee. Born in
Tennessee, 1808.
Democrat. Member of Tennessee state legislature; state court judge in
Tennessee; U.S.
Senator from Tennessee, 1840-42, 1859-61; chief
justice of Tennessee state supreme court, 1870-76. When the Civil
War began, he left Washington but did not resign his seat in the
Senate; one of ten Southern senators expelled in absentia on
July 11, 1861. Died in 1876.
Interment at Rose
Hill Cemetery, Columbia, Tenn.
- William King Sebastian (1812-1865) — also known as
William K. Sebastian — of Pine Bluff, Jefferson
County, Ark. Born in Tennessee, 1812.
Democrat. Lawyer;
member of Arkansas state legislature; state court judge in Arkansas;
U.S.
Senator from Arkansas, 1848-61. When the Civil War began, he left
Washington but did not resign his seat in the Senate; one of ten
Southern senators expelled in absentia on July 11, 1861. Did
not participate in the Confederacy during the war; his expulsion from
the Senate was posthumously revoked in 1877. Died in 1865.
Interment in private or family graveyard.
- Louis Trezevant Wigfall (1816-1874) — also known as
Louis T. Wigfall — of Texas. Born near Edgefield, Edgefield
County, S.C., April 21,
1816. Democrat. Killed Thomas Bird in a duel
around 1840; wounded Rep. Preston S.
Brooks in another duel;
member of Texas
state house of representatives, 1849; member of Texas
state senate, 1857; U.S.
Senator from Texas, 1859-61; when the Civil War began, he left
Washington but did not resign his seat in the Senate; one of ten
Southern senators expelled in absentia on July 11, 1861;
general in the Confederate Army during the Civil War; Delegate
from Texas to the Confederate Provisional Congress, 1861-62; Senator
from Texas in the Confederate Congress, 1862-65. Died in
Galveston, Galveston
County, Tex., February
18, 1874. Interment at Trinity
Episcopal Church Cemetery, Galveston, Tex.
- John Cabell Breckinridge (1821-1875) — also known as
John C. Breckinridge — of Lexington, Fayette
County, Ky. Born near Lexington, Fayette
County, Ky., January
21, 1821. Grandson of John
Breckinridge; son of Joseph
Cabell Breckinridge and Mary (Smith) Breckinridge; nephew of Robert
Jefferson Breckinridge; cousin of Henry
Donnel Foster, Robert
Jefferson Breckinridge, Jr. and William
Campbell Preston Breckinridge; married 1843 to Mary
Burch; father of Clifton
Rodes Breckinridge. Lawyer;
major in the U.S. Army during the Mexican War; member of Kentucky
state house of representatives, 1849-51; U.S.
Representative from Kentucky 8th District, 1851-55; delegate to
Democratic National Convention from Kentucky, 1856;
Vice
President of the United States, 1857-61; Southern Democratic
candidate for President
of the United States, 1860; U.S.
Senator from Kentucky, 1861; general in the Confederate Army
during the Civil War; Confederate
Secretary of War, 1865. Presbyterian.
Expelled from the U.S. Senate on December 4, 1861 for his
participation in the Confederate military. Fled to Cuba at the
end of the war, and lived in England and Canada until 1869. Died in
Lexington, Fayette
County, Ky., May 17,
1875. Interment at Lexington
Cemetery, Lexington, Ky.
- Lawrence Washington Hall (1819-1863) — of Bucyrus,
Crawford
County, Ohio. Born in Lake
County, Ohio, 1819.
Democrat. Lawyer;
common pleas court judge in Ohio, 1852-57; U.S.
Representative from Ohio 9th District, 1857-59; defeated, 1858.
Imprisoned for alleged disloyalty to the Union in 1862. Died
of a lung
hemorrhage, Bucyrus, Crawford
County, Ohio, January
18, 1863. Original interment at Oakwood
Cemetery, Bucyrus, Ohio; reinterment at Forest
Lawn Cemetery, Buffalo, N.Y.
- Dennis Aloysius Mahoney (1821-1879) — of Jackson
County, Iowa; Dubuque, Dubuque
County, Iowa. Born in Ross, County Cork, Ireland,
January
20, 1821. Member of Iowa state
house of representatives; elected 1848, 1858; candidate for U.S.
Representative from Iowa, 1862, 1864. Catholic.
Newspaper
editor who criticized the Civil War; arrested in August 1862
and held until November at the Old Capitol Federal Prison in
Washington, D.C. Died in Dubuque, Dubuque
County, Iowa, November
5, 1879. Interment at St.
Patrick Cemetery, Garryowen, Iowa.
- Edson Baldwin Olds (1802-1869) — also known as
Edson B. Olds — of Circleville, Pickaway
County, Ohio; Lancaster, Fairfield
County, Ohio. Born in Marlboro, Windham
County, Vt., June 3,
1802. Democrat. Physician;
member of Ohio state
house of representatives, 1842-43, 1845-46, 1862-66; member of Ohio state
senate, 1846-48; U.S.
Representative from Ohio, 1849-55 (9th District 1849-53, 12th
District 1853-55); defeated, 1854; delegate to Democratic National
Convention from Ohio, 1864.
Arrested for alleged disloyalty to the Union and
imprisoned in Fort Lafayette in 1862. Died in Lancaster, Fairfield
County, Ohio, January
24, 1869. Interment at Forest
Cemetery, Circleville, Ohio.
- Charles Christopher Sheats (1839-1904) — of Decatur,
Morgan
County, Ala. Born in Walker
County, Ala., April 10,
1839. Republican. Delegate
to Alabama secession convention, 1860; member of Alabama
state house of representatives, 1861-62; delegate to
Alabama state constitutional convention, 1865; U.S.
Representative from Alabama at-large, 1873-75; defeated, 1874;
delegate to Republican National Convention from Alabama, 1884.
Opposed secession in 1860; expelled from the Alabama House of
Representatives in 1862 because of his adherence to the Union;
imprisoned by Confederate authorities on a charge of
treason, but never tried. Died in Decatur, Morgan
County, Ala., May 27,
1904. Interment at McKendree
Cemetery, Near Decatur, Morgan County, Ala.
- Eccles G. Van Riper (b. 1841) — of Evansville, Vanderburgh
County, Ind. Born in New York, New York
County, N.Y., October
4, 1841. Son-in-law of James
Garrard Jones. Democrat. Mayor
of Evansville, Ind., 1870. In 1862, while traveling on business
in Arkansas, was captured by the Confederate Army and
charged with being a spy; tried before a military court
in Little Rock and sentenced to death; reprieved by the
arrival of a new military commander, but imprisoned until the
end of the war. Burial
location unknown.
- Trusten Polk (1811-1876) — of Missouri. Born in
Delaware, May 29,
1811. Third cousin once removed of Charles
Polk; fourth cousin of James
Knox Polk and William
Hawkins Polk; nephew of Peter
Foster Causey; fourth cousin by marriage of George
Davis; fourth cousin once removed of Marshall
Tate Polk; f