The Political Graveyard is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. It is the Internet's most comprehensive source for American political biography, listing 192,291 politicians, living and dead.

• The coverage of the site includes certain federal officials, state officeholders and candidates in all 50 states, state and national political party officials, federal and state judges, and mayors (including candidates at election for mayor) of qualifying cities.
• The listings are incomplete; development of the database is a continually ongoing project.
• Information on this page — and on all other pages of this site — is believed to be accurate, but is not guaranteed. Users are advised to check with other sources before relying on any information here.
• The official URL for this page is: http://politicalgraveyard.com/geo/IA/ofc/councilbluffs.html
• Links to this or any other Political Graveyard page are welcome, but specific page addresses may sometimes change as the site develops.
• If you are searching for a specific individual, try the alphabetical index of politicians.
• More information: FAQ; privacy policy; cemetery links.
• If you find any error or omission in The Political Graveyard, or if you have information to share, please see the biographical checklist and submission guidelines.

Site information: The Political Graveyard is created and maintained by Lawrence Kestenbaum, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — Mailing address: P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106. — The site is currently hosted by Hostmonster, but we remain grateful for a decade-plus with our former web host, Paul Haas, of Ypsilanti, Michigan. — The Political Graveyard opened on July 1, 1996; the last full revision was done on March 24, 2009.