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Lawyer Politicians in Iowa, R-Z


  Christian William Ramseyer (1875-1943) — also known as C. William Ramseyer — of Bloomfield, Davis County, Iowa. Born near Collinsville, Butler County, Ohio, March 13, 1875. Son of John Ramseyer and Anna (Ummel) Ramseyer. Republican. School teacher; lawyer; Davis County Attorney, 1911-15; U.S. Representative from Iowa 6th District, 1915-33. Member, American Bar Association; American Political Science Association. Died in Washington, D.C., November 1, 1943 (age 68 years, 233 days). Interment at Odd Fellows Cemetery, Bloomfield, Iowa.
  Relatives: Married 1915 to Ruby M. Phillips.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  John Frederick Raper, Jr. (b. 1913) — also known as John F. Raper, Jr. — of Sheridan, Sheridan County, Wyo.; Cheyenne, Laramie County, Wyo. Born in Mapleton, Monona County, Iowa, June 13, 1913. Son of John Frederick Raper and Anna Selma (Peterson) Raper. Republican. Lawyer; served in the U.S. Army during World War II; served in the U.S. Army during the Korean conflict; U.S. Attorney for Wyoming, 1953-61; Wyoming state attorney general, 1963-66; district judge in Wyoming, 1966-67. Presbyterian. Member, Sigma Nu; American Legion; Veterans of Foreign Wars; Rotary; Freemasons; Scottish Rite Masons; Order of the Eastern Star; Shriners. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, August 4, 1939, to Nell Marie Chesler.
  Stephen John Rapp (b. 1949) — also known as Stephen J. Rapp — of Waterloo, Black Hawk County, Iowa. Born in Waterloo, Black Hawk County, Iowa, January 26, 1949. Son of Spurgeon John Rapp and Beverly (Leckington) Rapp. Democrat. Lawyer; member of Iowa state house of representatives, 1972-74, 1979-82; candidate for U.S. Representative from Iowa 3rd District, 1974, 1976; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Iowa, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992; chair of Black Hawk County Democratic Party, 1986-91; member of Iowa Democratic State Committee, 1990-93; U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Iowa, 1993-2001. Methodist. Member, American Bar Association; Order of the Coif. Still living as of 2001.
  Relatives: Married 1981 to Donna J. E. Maier.
  Maurice E. Rawlings (1906-1982) — of Sioux City, Woodbury County, Iowa. Born in Onawa, Monona County, Iowa, August 17, 1906. Lawyer; district judge in Iowa 4th District, 1958-65; justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1965-78. Episcopalian. Member, American Legion. Died September 10, 1982 (age 76 years, 24 days). Interment at Memorial Park Cemetery, Sioux City, Iowa.
  Charles W. Raymond — of Muskogee, Muskogee County, Indian Territory (now Okla.). Born in Dubuque, Dubuque County, Iowa. Son of William M. Raymond (killed at Civil War Battle of Nashville) and Mary Ellen (Myers) Raymond. Republican. Lawyer; delegate to Republican National Convention from Illinois, 1900; U.S. District Judge for Indian Territory, 1901; delegate to Republican National Convention from Indian Territory, 1904. Member, Sons of the American Revolution; Loyal Legion. Burial location unknown.
  Carl B. Reed (b. 1873) — of Cresco, Howard County, Iowa. Born in Cresco, Howard County, Iowa, May 6, 1873. Son of Henry T. Reed. Republican. Lawyer; Howard County Attorney; member of Iowa state senate, 1919-26; district judge in Iowa, 1926-33; member of Iowa commerce commission, 1941-. Member, Freemasons; Knights Templar; Odd Fellows. Burial location unknown.
  Henry T. Reed — of Cresco, Howard County, Iowa. Lawyer; U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Iowa. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Father of Carl B. Reed.
  Manoah Bostic Reese (1839-1917) — also known as Manoah B. Reese — of Wahoo, Saunders County, Neb.; Lincoln, Lancaster County, Neb. Born in Macoupin County, Ill., September 5, 1839. Son of Simon Reese and Mary Ann (Steidly) Reese. Republican. Lawyer; delegate to Nebraska state constitutional convention, 1875; District Attorney, 4th District, 1876-83; justice of Nebraska state supreme court, 1884-90, 1908-15; chief justice of Nebraska state supreme court, 1888-90. Methodist. Member, Freemasons. Died in Sedan, Chautauqua County, Kan., 1917 (age about 77 years). Interment at Maple Hill Cemetery, Osceola, Iowa.
  Relatives: Married, January 1, 1862, to Carrie Burrows (1840-1901).
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  John George Regan (b. 1872) — also known as John G. Regan — of Adel, Dallas County, Iowa. Born in Platte County, Neb., June 3, 1872. Son of Dennis Regan and Margaret (Holland) Regan. Democrat. School teacher; insurance and real estate business; abstractor; lawyer; mayor of Adel, Iowa, 1920-24, 1928-30; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Iowa, 1936, 1940. Member, Rotary. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Dennis Regan and Margaret (Holland) Regan; married, January 1, 1908, to Norma Frost; married, September 14, 1915, to Agnes C. Carrig.
  John Richard Reilly (b. 1928) — also known as John R. Reilly — of Illinois; Bethesda, Montgomery County, Md. Born in Dubuque, Dubuque County, Iowa, June 24, 1928. Son of William Raphael Reilly and Stella (Vogenthaler) Reilly. Democrat. Lawyer; member, Federal Trade Commission, 1964-67. Catholic. Still living as of 1967.
  Relatives: Married, January 17, 1953, to Susan Loosbrock.
  Milton Remley (b. 1844) — of Anamosa, Jones County, Iowa; Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa. Born in Lewisburg, Greenbrier County, Va. (now W.Va.), October 12, 1844. Son of Rev. James Remley and Jane C. (Alderson) Remley. Republican. Lawyer; delegate to Republican National Convention from Iowa, 1888; Presidential Elector for Iowa, 1892; Iowa state attorney general, 1895-1901. Baptist. Member, Beta Theta Pi. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, September 6, 1869, to Josephine Dennis.
  Walter Ward Reynoldson (b. 1920) — also known as W. Ward Reynoldson — of Osceola, Clarke County, Iowa. Born in St. Edward, Boone County, Neb., May 17, 1920. Son of Walter Scorer Reynoldson and Mabel Matilda (Sallach) Reynoldson. Served in the U.S. Navy during World War II; lawyer; Clarke County Attorney, 1953-57; justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1971-87; chief justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1978-87; law professor. Member, Rotary; American Legion; Veterans of Foreign Wars; Association of Trial Lawyers of America; American Bar Association; American Judicature Society. Still living as of 2003.
  Relatives: Son of Walter Scorer Reynoldson and Mabel Matilda (Sallach) Reynoldson; married, December 24, 1942, to Janet Aline Mills (died 1986); married, June 3, 1989, to Patricia A. Frey.
  David Fulton Rice (1889-1929) — of Centerville, Appanoose County, Iowa. Born near Exline, Appanoose County, Iowa, September 13, 1889. Democrat. Lawyer; served in the U.S. Army during World War I; member of Iowa state house of representatives, 1925. Methodist. Member, Knights of Pythias; Freemasons; American Legion. Shot and killed by a disgruntled law client, George Domyancich, as he was leaving the Appanoose County Courthouse, Centerville, Appanoose County, Iowa, February 28, 1929 (age 39 years, 168 days). Interment at Oakland Cemetery, Centerville, Iowa.
  George Rice (1854-1952) — of Flandreau, Moody County, S.Dak. Born in Butler County, Iowa, November 16, 1854. Son of Orson Rice and Anna Lee (Hawker) Rice. Republican. Lawyer; member of Dakota territorial House of Representatives, 1883-86; Speaker of the Dakota Territory House of Representatives, 1885; Dakota territory attorney general, 1885-86; delegate to Republican National Convention from South Dakota, 1900; member of South Dakota state senate 15th District, 1905-06; South Dakota railroad commissioner, 1907-13; member of South Dakota state house of representatives 21st District, 1931-34. Member, Freemasons; Knights Templar; Modern Woodmen of America. Died October 14, 1952 (age 97 years, 333 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married to Ida Smith.
  Samuel Allen Rice (1828-1864) — also known as Samuel A. Rice — of Mahaska County, Iowa. Born in Cattaraugus County, N.Y., January 27, 1828. Lawyer; Iowa state attorney general, 1856-61; general in the Union Army during the Civil War. Mortally wounded at Jenkins' Ferry, Ark., April 30, 1864, and died at Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa, July 6, 1864 (age 36 years, 161 days). Interment at Forest Cemetery, Oskaloosa, Iowa.
  Hilliard Samuel Ridgely (b. 1874) — also known as Hilliard S. Ridgely — of North Platte, Lincoln County, Neb.; Cody, Park County, Wyo. Born in Siam, Taylor County, Iowa, October 16, 1874. Son of Eli Ridgely and Olive Marie (Allen) Ridgely. Republican. Lawyer; Lincoln County Attorney, 1899-1902; U.S. Attorney for Wyoming, 1911-14; candidate for Governor of Wyoming, 1914. Presbyterian. Member, Freemasons. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, June 21, 1899, to Evea J. Fenwick.
  Harold Riegelman (1892-1982) — of Manhattan, New York County, N.Y. Born in Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa, August 19, 1892. Son of Isaac Riegelman and Bertha (Meyer) Riegelman. Republican. Lawyer; served in the U.S. Army during World War I; candidate for New York state senate 15th District, 1922; alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from New York, 1936, 1952, 1956; delegate to New York state constitutional convention 17th District, 1938; candidate for mayor of New York City, N.Y., 1953. Jewish. Member, American Bar Association; Zeta Beta Tau; Freemasons; American Legion; Military Order of the World Wars. Died in 1982 (age about 89 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, November 1, 1919, to Gladys B. Liebman.
  Ralph E. Robertson (b. 1885) — of Juneau, Alaska. Born in Iowa, 1885. Republican. Lawyer; mayor of Juneau, Alaska, 1920-23; trustee, Alaska Agricultural College and School of Mines (now University of Alaska), 1925-33; delegate to Alaska state constitutional convention, 1955-56; candidate for U.S. Senator from Alaska, 1958. Burial location unknown.
  Gifford Simeon Robinson (b. 1843) — also known as Gifford S. Robinson — of Storm Lake, Buena Vista County, Iowa; Spirit Lake, Dickinson County, Iowa. Born in Tremont, Tazewell County, Ill., May 28, 1843. Son of Israel W. Robinson and Cornelia (Leonard) Robinson. Served in the Union Army during the Civil War; lawyer; member of Iowa state house of representatives, 1876-78; member of Iowa state senate, 1882-86; justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1888-99. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of Israel W. Robinson and Cornelia (Leonard) Robinson; married, April 10, 1872, to Janette E. Gorham (died 1893); married, June 27, 1910, to Clare Lunbeck.
  John Nicholas William Rumple (1841-1903) — also known as John N. W. Rumple — of Marengo, Iowa County, Iowa. Born near Fostoria, Seneca County, Ohio, March 4, 1841. Republican. Served in the Union Army during the Civil War; lawyer; member of Iowa state senate, 1873-78; mayor of Marengo, Iowa, 1885-86; delegate to Republican National Convention from Iowa, 1900; U.S. Representative from Iowa 2nd District, 1901-03; died in office 1903. Died in Chicago, Cook County, Ill., January 31, 1903 (age 61 years, 333 days). Interment at Odd Fellows Cemetery, Marengo, Iowa.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  Ezekiel Silas Sampson (1831-1892) — also known as Ezekiel S. Sampson — of Sigourney, Keokuk County, Iowa. Born in Huron County, Ohio, December 6, 1831. Son of Mary Polly (Merrifield) Sampson (1788-1870) and Ezekiel Sampson (1793-1853). Republican. Lawyer; colonel in the Union Army during the Civil War; district judge in Iowa 6th District, 1867-75; U.S. Representative from Iowa 6th District, 1875-79. Died in Sigourney, Keokuk County, Iowa, October 7, 1892 (age 60 years, 306 days). Interment at Prairie Grove Cemetery, Sigourney, Iowa.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Henry P. Scholte (1805-1868) — of Pella, Marion County, Iowa. Born in Amsterdam, Netherlands, September 25, 1805. Republican. Preacher; joined the dissenters from the national church of the Netherlands; tried in 1834 for teaching heresy, expelled from the church, fined, and imprisoned; helped organize a group which emigrated to Iowa in 1847; lawyer; postmaster; delegate to Republican National Convention from Iowa, 1860. Dutch ancestry. Died August 25, 1868 (age 62 years, 335 days). Interment at Oakwood Cemetery, Pella, Iowa.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  George H. Scidmore (1854-1922) — Born in Iowa, November 21, 1854. Lawyer; U.S. Vice Consul in Dunfermline, 1877-84; Osaka, 1884-85; U.S. Vice Consul Genera in Shanghai, 1885; U.S. Vice & Deputy Consul General in Kanagawa, 1885-91; U.S. Deputy Consul General in Kanagawa, 1894-1902; Yokohama, 1902-04; U.S. Consul in Nagasaki, 1907-09; Kobe, 1909; U.S. Consul General in Seoul, 1909-11; Yokohama, 1914-22. Died November 27, 1922 (age 68 years, 6 days). Burial location unknown.
  George Cromwell Scott (1864-1948) — also known as George C. Scott — of Le Mars, Plymouth County, Iowa; Sioux City, Woodbury County, Iowa. Born in Monroe County, N.Y., August 8, 1864. Republican. Lawyer; U.S. Representative from Iowa 11th District, 1912-15, 1917-19; U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Iowa, 1922-43. Died in 1948 (age about 83 years). Interment at Graceland Park Cemetery, Sioux City, Iowa.
  Relatives: Married, June 14, 1888, to Laura Trimble.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  Leslie Mortier Shaw (1848-1932) — also known as Leslie M. Shaw — of Denison, Crawford County, Iowa. Born in Morristown, Lamoille County, Vt., November 2, 1848. Son of Boardman O. Shaw and Lovisa (Spaulding) Shaw. Republican. Lawyer; banker; Governor of Iowa, 1898-1902; delegate to Republican National Convention from Iowa, 1900; U.S. Secretary of the Treasury, 1902-07; candidate for Republican nomination for President, 1908. Methodist. Died in Washington, D.C., March 28, 1932 (age 83 years, 147 days). Interment at Oakland Cemetery, Denison, Iowa.
  Relatives: Married, December 6, 1877, to Alice Crenshaw.
  See also National Governors Association biography — Wikipedia article — NNDB dossier
  Image source: American Monthly Review of Reviews, February 1902
  James Rockwell Sheffield (1864-1938) — also known as James R. Sheffield — of Manhattan, New York County, N.Y. Born in Dubuque, Dubuque County, Iowa, August 13, 1864. Son of Frederick William Hotchkiss Sheffield and Sarah (Kellogg) Sheffield. Republican. Lawyer; private secretary to U.S. Sen. William B. Allison; member of New York state assembly, 1904; delegate to Republican National Convention from New York, 1916, 1920, 1924, 1936; U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, 1924-27; delegate to New York convention to ratify 21st amendment, 1933. English and Scottish ancestry. Member, Union League. Died, from a cerebral hemorrhage, in Saranac Inn, Franklin County, N.Y., September 2, 1938 (age 74 years, 20 days). Interment somewhere in Utica, N.Y.
  Relatives: Son of Frederick William Hotchkiss Sheffield and Sarah (Kellogg) Sheffield; married, November 2, 1898, to Edith Tod (granddaughter of David Tod).
  N. D. Shinn (1884-1959) — of Knoxville, Marion County, Iowa. Born January 26, 1884. Democrat. Lawyer; Marion County Attorney; mayor of Knoxville; alternate delegate to Democratic National Convention from Iowa, 1948. Died June 1, 1959 (age 75 years, 126 days). Interment at Graceland Cemetery, Knoxville, Iowa.
  Samuel Morgan Shortridge (1861-1952) — also known as Samuel M. Shortridge — of Menlo Park, San Mateo County, Calif. Born in Mt. Pleasant, Henry County, Iowa, August 3, 1861. Son of Rev. Elias W. Shortridge and Tabitha C. Shortridge. Republican. Lawyer; Presidential Elector for California, 1888, 1900, 1908; U.S. Senator from California, 1921-33. Member, Freemasons; Elks; Redmen. Died January 17, 1952 (age 90 years, 167 days). Interment at Oak Hill Memorial Park, San Jose, Calif.
  Relatives: Married, August 3, 1899, to Laura Gashweiler.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article
  William A. Smith (b. 1870) — of Dubuque, Dubuque County, Iowa. Born in Andalusia, Rock Island County, Ill., 1870. Republican. Lawyer; justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1943-58. Burial location unknown.
  Bruce M. Snell (1895-1976) — of Ida Grove, Ida County, Iowa. Born in Ida Grove, Ida County, Iowa, March 4, 1895. Served in the U.S. Army during World War I; lawyer; district judge in Iowa, 1941-60; justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1961-70. Methodist. Member, American Legion; Freemasons; Knights Templar. Died in September, 1976 (age 81 years, 0 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Father of Bruce M. Snell, Jr..
  Bruce M. Snell, Jr. (b. 1929) — of Ida Grove, Ida County, Iowa. Born in Ida Grove, Ida County, Iowa, August 18, 1929. Son of Bruce M. Snell. Lawyer; Judge, Iowa Court of Appeals, 1976-87; justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1987-. Methodist. Member, Order of the Coif; Kiwanis; Freemasons; Shriners; American Bar Association. Still living as of 1995.
  Harrison Earl Spangler (b. 1879) — also known as Harrison E. Spangler — of Cedar Rapids, Linn County, Iowa. Born in Guthrie County, Iowa, June 10, 1879. Republican. Served in the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War; lawyer; delegate to Republican National Convention from Iowa, 1924, 1932 (alternate), 1936, 1940, 1944 (speaker), 1948, 1952; member of Iowa Republican State Central Committee, 1930-32; Iowa Republican state chair, 1930-32; member of Republican National Committee from Iowa, 1931-49; Chairman of Republican National Committee, 1942-44. Member, American Bar Association; Sigma Nu; Freemasons; Elks. Burial location unknown.
  James E. Stephenson (1926-2009) — of Ann Arbor, Washtenaw County, Mich. Born in Iowa, April 21, 1926. Republican. Lawyer; mayor of Ann Arbor, Mich., 1973-75; defeated, 1975. Presbyterian. Died August 29, 2009 (age 83 years, 130 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married to Ruth Wood.
  See also Wikipedia article
  John Loomis Stevens (1850-1933) — also known as John L. Stevens — of Ames, Story County, Iowa; Boone, Boone County, Iowa. Born in Northfield, Washington County, Vt., May 29, 1850. Son of Isaac Loomis Stevens and Harriet E. (Tucker) Stevens. Lawyer; district attorney 11th District, 1879-86; promoter of early telephone companies; organizer, Boone Brick and Tile Paving Company; district judge in Iowa 11th District, 1887-92; delegate to Republican National Convention from Iowa, 1900, 1912; delegate to Progressive National Convention from Iowa, 1912; candidate for Governor of Iowa, 1912. Member, Freemasons; Knights Templar. Died in Iowa, October 23, 1933 (age 83 years, 147 days). Interment at Ames Municipal Cemetery, Ames, Iowa.
  Relatives: Married, August 10, 1876, to Rowena Estelle Edson (1852-1918).
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Robert W. Stewart (b. 1866) — of Pierre, Hughes County, S.Dak. Born in Cedar Rapids, Linn County, Iowa, March 11, 1866. Son of William Stewart and Eliza (Mills) Stewart. Lawyer; Hughes County State's Attorney, 1893; member of South Dakota state senate 24th District, 1899-1902. Burial location unknown.
  Image source: South Dakota Legislative Manual, 1903
  Luman M. Strong (1803-1867) — of Marion, Linn County, Iowa. Born in Orange County, Vt., October 24, 1803. Lawyer; delegate to Iowa state constitutional convention from Linn County, 1844; member of Wisconsin state legislature; county judge in Wisconsin. Died in Dodgeville, Iowa County, Wis., December 4, 1867 (age 64 years, 41 days). Interment at Eastside Cemetery, Dodgeville, Wis.
  Ralph Richard Stuart (b. 1889) — of Hampton, Franklin County, Iowa. Born in Hampton, Franklin County, Iowa, September 1, 1889. Son of Iden L. Stuart and Katherine (Clemmer) Stuart. Republican. Lawyer; served in the U.S. Army during World War I; Franklin County Attorney, 1920-26; mayor of Hampton, Iowa, 1928-34; candidate for Iowa state senate 43rd District, 1940. Member, Sigma Chi; Phi Delta Phi; American Bar Association. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, June 16, 1920, to Mable Young.
  William C. Stuart (b. 1920) — of Chariton, Lucas County, Iowa. Born in Knoxville, Marion County, Iowa, April 28, 1920. Served in the U.S. Navy during World War II; lawyer; member of Iowa state senate, 1953-61; justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1962-71. Presbyterian. Member, American Bar Association; Phi Kappa Psi; Phi Delta Phi; Omicron Delta Kappa; Order of the Coif; Freemasons; Shriners; American Legion; Lions. Still living as of 1971.
  Lyman B. Sutter (1904-1963) — of Long Beach, Los Angeles County, Calif. Born in Burlington, Des Moines County, Iowa, June 14, 1904. Lawyer; served in the U.S. Army during World War II; mayor of Long Beach, Calif., 1953-54; municipal judge in California. Died of cancer in August 22, 1963 (age 59 years, 69 days). Burial location unknown.
  See also Wikipedia article
  Fletcher B. Swank (1875-1950) — of Norman, Cleveland County, Okla. Born near Bloomfield, Davis County, Iowa, April 24, 1875. Son of Wallace Swank and Melinda (Wells) Swank. Democrat. School teacher; superintendent of schools; private secretary to U.S. Rep Scott Ferris, 1907-08; lawyer; Cleveland County Judge, 1911-14; district judge in Oklahoma 14th District, 1915-20; U.S. Representative from Oklahoma 5th District, 1921-29, 1931-35. Methodist. Member, Freemasons; Knights Templar; Order of the Eastern Star; Odd Fellows; Elks; Woodmen of the World; Woodmen Circle. Died in Norman, Cleveland County, Okla., March 16, 1950 (age 74 years, 326 days). Interment at Odd Fellows Cemetery, Norman, Okla.
  Relatives: Married, December 30, 1914, to Ada Blake.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  Burton Erwin Sweet (1867-1957) — also known as Burton E. Sweet — of Waverly, Bremer County, Iowa. Born in Bremer County, Iowa, December 10, 1867. Son of Alpheus E. Sweet and Isabelle (Lyon) Sweet. Republican. Lawyer; member of Iowa state house of representatives, 1900-04; member of Iowa Republican State Central Committee, 1902-06; alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Iowa, 1904; U.S. Representative from Iowa 3rd District, 1915-23; candidate in primary for U.S. Senator from Iowa, 1922, 1924. Member, Freemasons. Died January 3, 1957 (age 89 years, 24 days). Interment at Harlington Cemetery, Waverly, Iowa.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Melvin D. Synhorst (b. 1914) — of Orange City, Sioux County, Iowa. Born in Orange City, Sioux County, Iowa, January 21, 1914. Republican. Lawyer; served in the U.S. Army during World War II; secretary of state of Iowa, 1949-65, 1967-80; resigned 1980. Christian Reformed. Member, American Legion; Veterans of Foreign Wars; Freemasons; Alpha Tau Omega; Gamma Eta Gamma; Amvets. Still living as of 1980.
  Joseph Taggart (1867-1938) — of Kansas City, Wyandotte County, Kan. Born near Waukon, Allamakee County, Iowa, June 15, 1867. Son of John Taggart and Bridget Mary (Devitt) Taggart. Democrat. Lawyer; Wyandotte County Prosecuting Attorney, 1907-11; U.S. Representative from Kansas 2nd District, 1911-17; defeated, 1916; served in the U.S. Army during World War I; state court judge in Kansas, 1924. Died in Wadsworth, Leavenworth County, Kan., December 3, 1938 (age 71 years, 171 days). Interment at Mt. Vernon Cemetery, Atchison, Kan.
  Relatives: Married, December 30, 1908, to Elsie Dorothy Mills.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Orville Taylor (1885-1969) — of Chicago, Cook County, Ill. Born in Sioux City, Woodbury County, Iowa, September 8, 1885. Son of Orville J. Taylor and Eleanor Sarah (Harris) Taylor. Republican. Lawyer; major in the U.S. Army during World War I; candidate in primary for U.S. Senator from Illinois, 1936; alternate delegate to Republican National Convention from Illinois, 1956. Episcopalian. Member, American Bar Association; American Judicature Society; American Legion; Beta Theta Pi; Freemasons. Died in 1969 (age about 83 years). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, January 19, 1924, to Catherine E. Apperson.
  Marsha K. Ternus (b. 1951) — of Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa. Born in Vinton, Benton County, Iowa, May 30, 1951. Lawyer; justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1993-. Female. Still living as of 2009.
  See also NNDB dossier
  Seth Thomas — of Fort Dodge, Webster County, Iowa. Born in Ohio. Lawyer; Judge of U.S. Court of Appeals for the 8th Circuit, 1935-. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown.
  George King Thompson (b. 1887) — also known as G. King Thompson — of Cedar Rapids, Linn County, Iowa. Born near Jamaica, Guthrie County, Iowa, November 24, 1887. Son of William Jenkins Thompson and Ida America (King) Thompson. Lawyer; Linn County Attorney, 1933-40; district judge in Iowa, 1941-50; justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1951-65. Presbyterian. Member, Freemasons; Shriners; Woodmen; Odd Fellows; Elks; Maccabees; Sigma Alpha Epsilon; Phi Delta Phi; Order of the Coif. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of William Jenkins Thompson and Ida America (King) Thompson; married, September 1, 1915, to Margaret Kane (died 1918); married, December 17, 1921, to Grace Byfield.
  James Thorington (1816-1887) — of Davenport, Scott County, Iowa. Born in Wilmington, New Hanover County, N.C., May 7, 1816. Republican. Lawyer; mayor of Davenport, Iowa, 1843-46; U.S. Representative from Iowa 2nd District, 1855-57; delegate to Republican National Convention from Iowa, 1856; U.S. Consul in Aspinwall, 1872-82. Died in Santa Fe, Santa Fe County, N.M., June 18, 1887 (age 71 years, 42 days). Interment at Oakdale Memorial Gardens, Davenport, Iowa.
  Relatives: Married to Mary PArker (1821-1886).
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  T. Eugene Thornton (b. 1911) — of Waterloo, Black Hawk County, Iowa. Born in Omaha, Douglas County, Neb., June 27, 1911. Lawyer; served in the U.S. Navy during World War II; justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1959-67. Catholic. Member, Knights of Columbus; Elks; American Legion; Amvets. Presumed deceased. Burial location unknown.
  Lloyd Thurston (1880-1970) — of Osceola, Clarke County, Iowa. Born in Osceola, Clarke County, Iowa, March 27, 1880. Son of S. Thurston and Margaret (Maloy) Thurston. Republican. Served in the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War; lawyer; member of Iowa state senate, 1920-24; U.S. Representative from Iowa, 1925-39 (8th District 1925-33, 5th District 1933-39); candidate for U.S. Senator from Iowa, 1938. Protestant. Member, American Legion; United Spanish War Veterans; Rotary. Died in Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa, May 7, 1970 (age 90 years, 41 days). Interment at Maple Hill Cemetery, Osceola, Iowa.
  Relatives: Married, January 13, 1910, to Louella Bolibaugh.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  C. L. Todd (b. 1869) — of Faribault County, Minn. Born in Iowa, 1869. Lawyer; banker; farmer; member of Minnesota state senate 7th District; elected 1930. Burial location unknown.
  Seneca Chamberlain Traver (b. 1867) — also known as Seneca C. Traver — of Wayne County, Mich. Born in Newton, Jasper County, Iowa, May 17, 1867. Republican. Lawyer; member of Michigan state senate 4th District, 1905-08. English and Dutch ancestry. Burial location unknown.
  Robert B. Tripp — of Salt Lake City, Salt Lake County, Utah; Yankton, Yankton County, S.Dak. Born in Iowa. Lawyer; circuit judge in South Dakota 1st Circuit, 1909-11. Burial location unknown.
  Thomas F. Trumbull (1868-1944) — of Port Angeles, Clallam County, Wash. Born in Iowa, 1868. Son of William H. Trumbull and Mary (Gilmore) Trumbull. Democrat. Lawyer; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Washington, 1916 (member, Committee on Rules and Order of Business). Died in Port Angeles, Clallam County, Wash., April 29, 1944 (age about 75 years). Interment at Mount Angeles Memorial Park, Port Angeles, Wash.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Hubert Utterback (1880-1942) — of Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa. Born in Hayesville, Keokuk County, Iowa, June 28, 1880. Son of A. M. Utterback and Julia Esther (Hayes) Utterback. Democrat. Lawyer; district judge in Iowa 9th District, 1915-27; justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1932-33; U.S. Representative from Iowa 6th District, 1935-37; defeated, 1938; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Iowa, 1936. Disciples of Christ. Member, Acacia; Phi Beta Kappa; Alpha Phi Omega; Delta Theta Phi; Lions. Died in 1942 (age about 62 years). Interment at Glendale Cemetery, Des Moines, Iowa.
  Relatives: Son of A. M. Utterback and Julia Esther (Hayes) Utterback; cousin of John Gregg Utterback; married, October 4, 1904, to Edith Gwynne (died 1930); married, December 25, 1934, to Cora Alice Prine.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  Hosford Edwin Valentine (1865-1937) — also known as Hosford E. Valentine — of Centerville, Appanoose County, Iowa. Born in Edinburg, Johnson County, Ind., November 26, 1865. Lawyer; mayor of Centerville, Iowa, 1897-98; served in the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War. Methodist. Member, Sigma Chi; Freemasons. Died in Centerville, Appanoose County, Iowa, April 2, 1937 (age 71 years, 127 days). Interment at Oakland Cemetery, Centerville, Iowa.
  Relatives: Father of John Kalbach Valentine.
  John Kalbach Valentine (1904-1950) — also known as John K. Valentine — of Centerville, Appanoose County, Iowa. Born in Oskaloosa, Mahaska County, Iowa, February 5, 1904. Son of Hosford Edwin Valentine and Annetta (Kalbach) Valentine. Democrat. Lawyer; member of Iowa state senate 3rd District, 1933-35; Lieutenant Governor of Iowa, 1937-39; defeated, 1938; U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Iowa, 1939-40; candidate for Governor of Iowa, 1940; served in the U.S. Navy during World War II; vice-president, Iowa Southern Utilities Company, 1948. Episcopalian. Member, Elks; Eagles; American Legion; Veterans of Foreign Wars; Lions; Rotary; Sigma Chi; Phi Alpha Delta. Died in Centerville, Appanoose County, Iowa, October 12, 1950 (age 46 years, 249 days). Interment at Oakland Cemetery, Centerville, Iowa.
  Relatives: Married, November 30, 1932, to Billie Armstrong.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Anthony Van Wagenen (b. 1852) — of Washington, Washington County, Iowa. Born in Brighton, Washington County, Iowa, December 28, 1852. Son of I. W. Van Wagenan and Elizabeth (Moreland) Van Wagenan. Democrat. Lawyer; district judge in Iowa 4th District, 1892-95; U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Iowa, 1913-14. Catholic. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, June 27, 1887, to Gertrude Louis.
  Charles William Vermilion (1866-1927) — also known as Charles W. Vermilion — of Centerville, Appanoose County, Iowa. Born in Centerville, Appanoose County, Iowa, November 6, 1866. Son of William F. Vermilion. Republican. Lawyer; district judge in Iowa 2nd District, 1902-23; justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1923-27; died in office 1927. Presbyterian. Died, in Iowa Methodist Hospital, Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa, September 2, 1927 (age 60 years, 300 days). Interment at Oakland Cemetery, Centerville, Iowa.
  William F. Vermilion (1830-1894) — of Iowa. Born in Kentucky, October 18, 1830. Republican. Physician; served in the Union Army during the Civil War; lawyer; member of Iowa state senate, 1869-73. Member, Grand Army of the Republic. Died in Centerville, Appanoose County, Iowa, December 28, 1894 (age 64 years, 71 days). Interment at Oakland Cemetery, Centerville, Iowa.
  Relatives: Father of Charles William Vermilion.
  Books about William Vermilion: Donald C. Elder III, Love Amid the Turmoil : The Civil War Letters of William and Mary Vermilion
  Thomas J. Vilsack (b. 1950) — also known as Tom Vilsack — of Mt. Pleasant, Henry County, Iowa; Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa. Born in Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pa., December 13, 1950. Democrat. Lawyer; member of Iowa state senate, 1993-98; Governor of Iowa, 1999-2007; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Iowa, 2000, 2004, 2008; member of Democratic National Committee from Iowa, 2004; candidate for Democratic nomination for President, 2008; U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, 2009-. Catholic. Member, Delta Upsilon. Still living as of 2012.
  Relatives: Adoptive son of Bud Vilsack and Dolly Vilsack; married to Christine Bell.
  See also National Governors Association biography — Wikipedia article — NNDB dossier
  Henry Vollmer (1867-1930) — of Davenport, Scott County, Iowa. Born in Iowa, July 28, 1867. Democrat. Lawyer; mayor of Davenport, Iowa, 1894-96; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Iowa, 1912 (member, Committee on Permanent Organization); speaker, Democratic National Convention, 1912 ; U.S. Representative from Iowa 2nd District, 1914-15; defeated, 1914. Died in Piedmont, Alameda County, Calif., August 25, 1930 (age 63 years, 28 days). Cremated; ashes interred at Chapel of the Chimes, Oakland, Calif.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  William Garner Waddel (1870-1937) — also known as W. G. Waddel — of Webster, Day County, S.Dak. Born in Grant County, Wis., June 29, 1870. Son of William Warren Waddle (1843-1912) and Elizabeth Ann (Garner) Waddle (1850-1935). Republican. Lawyer; Day County State's Attorney, 1913-16; member of South Dakota state senate 34th District, 1919-22. Methodist. Scottish and German ancestry. Member, Knights of Pythias. Died in Day County, S.Dak., January 24, 1937 (age 66 years, 209 days). Interment at Pleasant Valley Cemetery, Adaville, Iowa.
  Relatives: Son of William Warren Waddle (1843-1912) and Elizabeth Ann (Garner) Waddle (1850-1935); married, July 3, 1900, to Eliza Matilda Otis; brother of Fred Waddle.
  See also Find-A-Grave memorial
  Martin Joseph Wade (1861-1931) — also known as Martin J. Wade — of Iowa City, Johnson County, Iowa. Born in Burlington, Chittenden County, Vt., October 20, 1861. Democrat. Lawyer; district judge in Iowa 8th District, 1893-1903; law professor; U.S. Representative from Iowa 2nd District, 1903-05; delegate to Democratic National Convention from Iowa, 1904; speaker, 1912; candidate for Democratic nomination for Vice President, 1912; member of Democratic National Committee from Iowa, 1912; U.S. District Judge for the Southern District of Iowa, 1915-31; died in office 1931. Died in Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, Calif., April 16, 1931 (age 69 years, 178 days). Interment at St. Joseph's Cemetery, Iowa City, Iowa.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page
  Edward E. Wagner (b. 1874) — of Alexandria, Hanson County, S.Dak.; Mitchell, Davison County, S.Dak.; Sioux Falls, Minnehaha County, S.Dak. Born in Lyon County, Iowa, October 22, 1874. Son of James H. Wagner (died 1884) and Louisa E. (Conklin) Wagner. Republican. Lawyer; Hanson County State's Attorney, 1901-02; member of South Dakota state senate 11th District, 1905-06; U.S. Attorney for South Dakota, 1907-13. Presbyterian. German ancestry. Member, Elks; Knights of Pythias; Freemasons. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, July 10, 1894, to Alice Tresslar.
  Thomas Ross Wallace (1848-1929) — also known as Thomas R. Wallace — of Atlantic, Cass County, Iowa. Born in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pa., October 20, 1848. Son of William Wallace and Jane (Ross) Wallace. Republican. School teacher; lawyer; U.S. Consul in Crefeld, 1901-07; Jerusalem, 1907-10; Martinique, 1910-24. Member, Freemasons; Knights Templar; Odd Fellows; Elks. Died in New Orleans, Orleans Parish, La., December 8, 1929 (age 81 years, 49 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, October 6, 1874, to Margaret Gill.
  William Henson Wallace (1811-1879) — Born in Troy, Miami County, Ohio, July 19, 1811. Lawyer; member of Iowa territorial House of Representatives, 1838; member Iowa territorial council, 1842-43; candidate for Delegate to U.S. Congress from Iowa Territory, 1843; candidate for U.S. Senator from Iowa, 1848; member of Washington territorial legislature, 1853; Delegate to U.S. Congress from Washington Territory, 1861; defeated, 1854; Governor of Washington Territory, 1861; Governor of Idaho Territory, 1863-64; appointed 1863; Delegate to U.S. Congress from Idaho Territory, 1864; probate judge in Washington. Member, Freemasons. Died in Steilacoom, Pierce County, Wash., February 7, 1879 (age 67 years, 203 days). Interment at Western State Hospital Memorial Cemetery, Steilacoom, Wash.
  Relatives: Brother of David Wallace; uncle of Lewis Wallace. See Wallace family of Indiana.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Find-A-Grave memorial
  Chesley Mathew Walter (b. 1889) — also known as Chesley M. Walter — of Savanna, Carroll County, Ill.; Sioux City, Woodbury County, Iowa; Oakland, Alameda County, Calif. Born in Savanna, Carroll County, Ill., November 19, 1889. Son of John Walter and Catherine (Duffy) Walter. Republican. Lawyer; served in the U.S. Army during World War I; candidate for U.S. Representative from California 7th District, 1944. Member, Kiwanis; Order of the Coif; Phi Alpha Delta; American Legion; Freemasons. Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Son of John Walter and Catherine (Duffy) Walter; married 1912 to Fannie Machen; married, May 24, 1941, to Dorothy Mills Smith.
  Raymond T. Walton (b. 1921) — of Davenport, Scott County, Iowa. Born in 1921. Democrat. Lawyer; candidate for Iowa state attorney general, 1970. Still living as of 2002.
  De Vere Watson (1893-1982) — of Council Bluffs, Pottawattamie County, Iowa. Born near Searsboro, Poweshiek County, Iowa, April 1, 1893. Republican. Lawyer; member of Iowa state senate; elected 1940, 1944; elected unopposed 1948; delegate to Republican National Convention from Iowa, 1960. Member, Eagles; Knights of Pythias; Odd Fellows; Elks; Moose; Woodmen; Lions. Died in November, 1982 (age 89 years, 0 days). Burial location unknown.
  Harry Otis Weaver — also known as H. O. Weaver — of Wapello, Louisa County, Iowa. Republican. Lawyer; delegate to Republican National Convention from Iowa, 1924. Interment at Wapello Cemetery, Wapello, Iowa.
  Relatives: Father of William Otis Weaver.
  William Otis Weaver — also known as William O. Weaver — of Wapello, Louisa County, Iowa. Son of Harry Otis Weaver. Republican. Lawyer; delegate to Republican National Convention from Iowa, 1952. Interment at Wapello Cemetery, Wapello, Iowa.
  Thomas P. Welch (b. 1897) — of Buffalo, Wright County, Minn. Born in Jacksonville Township, Chickasaw County, Iowa, June 5, 1897. Lawyer; member of Minnesota state senate 27th District, 1939-59. Burial location unknown.
  Charles F. Wennerstrum (1889-1986) — of Chariton, Lucas County, Iowa. Born in Cambridge, Henry County, Ill., October 11, 1889. Son of Charles F. Wennerstrum and Anna Mathilda (Vinstrand) Wennerstrum. Republican. Lawyer; served in the U.S. Army during World War I; district judge in Iowa 2nd District, 1930-40; justice of Iowa state supreme court, 1941-58. Presbyterian. Member, American Bar Association; American Legion; Rotary; Freemasons; Knights of Pythias; Sigma Alpha Epsilon; Delta Theta Phi; Order of the Coif. Died in June, 1986 (age 96 years, 0 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, February 14, 1925, to Helen F. Rogers.
  Samuel H. West (1872-1938) — of Bellefontaine, Logan County, Ohio. Born in Waubeek, Linn County, Iowa, July 17, 1872. Lawyer; served in the U.S. Army during the Spanish-American War; Logan County Prosecuting Attorney, 1899-1903; member of Ohio state senate, 1903-08; counsel to New York Central Railroad; U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of Ohio, 1928-38; died in office 1938. Died October 5, 1938 (age 66 years, 80 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Nephew of William H. West.
  See also federal judicial profile
  George Henry Williams (1823-1910) — also known as George H. Williams — of Lee County, Iowa; Marion County, Ore.; Portland, Multnomah County, Ore. Born in New Lebanon, Columbia County, N.Y., March 23, 1823. Democrat. Lawyer; district judge in Iowa 1st District, 1847-52; justice of Oregon territorial supreme court, 1853-57; delegate to Oregon state constitutional convention from Marion County, 1857; U.S. Senator from Oregon, 1865-71; U.S. Attorney General, 1872-75; mayor of Portland, Ore., 1902-05. Episcopalian. Died in Portland, Multnomah County, Ore., April 4, 1910 (age 87 years, 12 days). Interment at River View Cemetery, Portland, Ore.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Wikipedia article
  William Williamson, Jr. (1875-1972) — of Oacoma, Lyman County, S.Dak.; Custer, Custer County, S.Dak.; Rapid City, Pennington County, S.Dak. Born near New Sharon, Mahaska County, Iowa, October 7, 1875. Son of William Williamson and Mary (Erland) Williamson. Republican. Lawyer; Lyman County State's Attorney, 1905-08, 1910-11; circuit judge in South Dakota, 1911-21; delegate to Republican National Convention from South Dakota, 1912; U.S. Representative from South Dakota 3rd District, 1921-33; defeated, 1932. Congregationalist. Member, Odd Fellows; Freemasons. Died in Custer, Custer County, S.Dak., July 15, 1972 (age 96 years, 282 days). Interment at Pine Lawn Memorial Park, Rapid City, S.Dak.
  Relatives: Married to Victoria Dice.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — Find-A-Grave memorial
  George Allison Wilson (1884-1953) — also known as George A. Wilson — of Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa. Born near Menlo, Adair County, Iowa, April 1, 1884. Republican. Lawyer; Polk County Attorney, 1915-16; district judge in Iowa, 1917-21; member of Iowa state senate, 1925-35; Governor of Iowa, 1939-43; U.S. Senator from Iowa, 1943-49; defeated, 1948; delegate to Republican National Convention from Iowa, 1944. Methodist. Died in Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa, September 8, 1953 (age 69 years, 160 days). Interment at Glendale Cemetery, Des Moines, Iowa.
  See also congressional biography — Govtrack.us page — National Governors Association biography — Wikipedia article — NNDB dossier
  James M. Wilson (1866-1924) — of Centerville, Appanoose County, Iowa. Born near Monmouth, Warren County, Ill., September 8, 1866. Republican. Lawyer; member of Iowa state senate, 1913-19. Methodist. Member, Freemasons; Shriners; Knights of Pythias; Elks; Kiwanis. Died, of septicemia resulting from pulled teeth, in Centerville, Appanoose County, Iowa, May 2, 1924 (age 57 years, 237 days). Interment at Oakland Cemetery, Centerville, Iowa.
  John McClelland Work (1869-1961) — also known as John M. Work — of Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa; Chicago, Cook County, Ill.; Whitefish Bay, Milwaukee County, Wis. Born in Washington County, Iowa, January 3, 1869. Son of John H. Work and Roseanna (McClelland) Work. Socialist. Lawyer; lecturer; writer; candidate for mayor of Des Moines, Iowa, 1902; candidate for Governor of Iowa, 1910; candidate for U.S. Representative from Illinois 10th District, 1914; candidate for Governor of Illinois, 1916; editorial page editor for the Socialist Milwaukee Leader newspaper, 1917-42; candidate for U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, 1925; candidate for Presidential Elector for Wisconsin, 1956. Died in Whitefish Bay, Milwaukee County, Wis., January 5, 1961 (age 92 years, 2 days). Burial location unknown.
  Relatives: Married, June 24, 1896, to Lucy Josephine Hoisington.
  See also Wikipedia article
  Robert Preston Young, Jr. (b. 1951) — also known as Robert P. Young, Jr. — of Grosse Pointe Park, Wayne County, Mich. Born in Des Moines, Polk County, Iowa, June 13, 1951. Republican. Lawyer; Judge, Michigan Court of Appeals 1st District, 1995-98; justice of Michigan state supreme court, 1998-; appointed 1998; chief justice of Michigan state supreme court, 2011-. African ancestry. Member, Federalist Society. Still living as of 2011.
  Relatives: Married to Linda Hotchkiss.
  See also Wikipedia article

 

 


 
   
"Enjoy the hospitable entertainment of a political graveyard."
Henry L. Clinton, Apollo Hall, New York City, February 3, 1872
The Political Graveyard

The Political Graveyard is a web site about U.S. political history and cemeteries. Founded in 1996, it is the Internet's most comprehensive free source for American political biography, listing 234,420 politicians, living and dead.
 
  The coverage of the site includes (1) the President, Vice President, members of Congress, elected state and territorial officeholders in all fifty states, the District of Columbia, and U.S. territories; and the chief elected official, typically the mayor, of qualifying municipalities; (2) candidates at election, including primaries, for any of the above; (3) all federal judges and all state appellate judges; (4) certain federal officials, including the federal cabinet, diplomatic chiefs of mission, consuls, U.S. district attorneys, collectors of customs and internal revenue, and members of major federal commissions; and (5) state and national political party officials, including delegates, alternate delegates, and other participants in national party nominating conventions.  
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  Links to this or any other Political Graveyard page are welcome, but specific page addresses may sometimes change as the site develops.  
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Site information: The Political Graveyard is created and maintained by Lawrence Kestenbaum, who is solely responsible for its structure and content. — The mailing address is The Political Graveyard, P.O. Box 2563, Ann Arbor MI 48106. — This site is hosted by HDL. — The Political Graveyard opened on July 1, 1996; the last full revision was done on May 12, 2012.
Copyright notice: Facts are not subject to copyright; see Feist v. Rural Telephone. Original material, programming, selection and arrangement are © 1996-2011 Lawrence Kestenbaum. This work is also licensed for free non-commercial re-use, with attribution, under a Creative Commons License.

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